{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:35:25Z","timestamp":1768451725129,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2018\/05616\u20133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/05616\u20133"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["303142\/2019\u20137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303142\/2019\u20137"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["2018\/05616\u20133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/05616\u20133"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel","award":["303142\/2019\u20137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303142\/2019\u20137"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["2018\/05616\u20133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/05616\u20133"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["303142\/2019\u20137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303142\/2019\u20137"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the impact of liver fibrosis stages of chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the in vivo activity of organic cation transporters (hepatic OCT1 and renal OCT2) using metformin (MET) as a probe drug. Participants allocated in Group 1 (n = 15, mild to moderate liver fibrosis) or 2 (n = 13, advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis) received a single MET 50 mg oral dose before direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drug treatment (Phase 1) and 30 days after achieving sustained virologic response (Phase 2). OCT1\/2 activity (MET AUC0\u201324) was found to be reduced by 25% when comparing the two groups in Phase 2 (ratio 0.75 (0.61\u20130.93), p &lt; 0.05) but not in Phase 1 (ratio 0.81 (0.66\u20130.98), p &gt; 0.05). When Phases 1 and 2 were compared, no changes were detected in both Groups 1 (ratio 1.10 (0.97\u20131.24), p &gt; 0.05) and 2 (ratio 1.03 (0.94\u20131.12), p &gt; 0.05). So, this study shows a reduction of approximately 25% in the in vivo activity of OCT1\/2 in participants with advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis after achieving sustained virologic response and highlights that OCT1\/2 in vivo activity depends on the liver fibrosis stage of chronic HCV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1719986658000},"page":"865","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Liver Fibrosis Stages Affect Organic Cation Transporter 1\/2 Activities in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Matheus De Lucca","family":"Thomaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Food Science and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina Pinto","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Food Science and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juciene Aparecida","family":"Caris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Food Science and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Food Science and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Food Science and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiago Antunes","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Food Science and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosamar Eulira Fontes","family":"Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Reference Center, Hepatitis Outpatient Clinic, Municipal Health Secretary, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-4953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera Lucia","family":"Lanchote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, Food Science and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Hepatitis C (2024, February 21). 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