{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:58:21Z","timestamp":1787911101661,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":261,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)","award":["UIDP\/04138\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04138\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Solanum surattense Burm. f. is a significant member of the Solanaceae family, and the Solanum genus is renowned for its traditional medicinal uses and bioactive potential. This systematic review adheres to PRISMA methodology, analyzing scientific publications between 1753 and 2023 from B-on, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, aiming to provide comprehensive and updated information on the distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of S. surattense, highlighting its potential as a source of herbal drugs. Ethnomedicinally, this species is important to treat skin diseases, piles complications, and toothache. The fruit was found to be the most used part of this plant (25%), together with the whole plant (22%) used to treat different ailments, and its decoction was found to be the most preferable mode of herbal drug preparation. A total of 338 metabolites of various chemical classes were isolated from S. surattense, including 137 (40.53%) terpenoids, 56 (16.56%) phenol derivatives, and 52 (15.38%) lipids. Mixtures of different parts of this plant in water\u2013ethanol have shown in vitro and\/or in vivo antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-tumoral, hepatoprotective, and larvicidal activities. Among the metabolites, 51 were identified and biologically tested, presenting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral as the most reported activities. Clinical trials in humans made with the whole plant extract showed its efficacy as an anti-asthmatic agent. Mostly steroidal alkaloids and triterpenoids, such as solamargine, solanidine, solasodine, solasonine, tomatidine, xanthosaponin A\u2013B, dioscin, lupeol, and stigmasterol are biologically the most active metabolites with high potency that reflects the new and high potential of this species as a novel source of herbal medicines. More experimental studies and a deeper understanding of this plant must be conducted to ensure its use as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T18:17:32Z","timestamp":1721067452000},"page":"948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ethnomedicinal Usage, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Solanum surattense Burm. f."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6933-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamrul","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2801-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shabnam","family":"Sabiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6499-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1555-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"POWO (Plants of the World Online) (2023, December 22). Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available online: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Linnaeus, C. (1753). Verbena. Species Plantarum, Impensis GC Nauk. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burman, N.L. (1768). Burmanii, Flora Indica: Cui Accedit Series Zoophytorum Indicorum, Nec Non Prodromus Florae Capensis, Cornelius Haek.","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.60581"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"600","article-title":"Sertvm Hannoveranvm Sev Plantae Rariores Qvae","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Scharder","year":"1795","journal-title":"Hortis Regiis Hannoverae Vicinis Colvntvr"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"236","article-title":"Solanaceae","volume":"Volume 4","author":"Clarke","year":"1885","journal-title":"Flora of British India"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Rechinger, K.H. (1958). Solanaceae. Symbolae Afghanicae, Kommission hos Ejnar Munksgaard."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Cooke, R.J. (1967). Flora of Presd. Bomb, Bombay Press."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Solanaceae","volume":"Volume 168","author":"Nasir","year":"1985","journal-title":"Flora of Pakistan"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Ahmed, Z.U., Begum, Z.N.T., Hassan, M.A., Khondker, M., Kabir, S.M.H., Ahmad, M., Ahmed, A.T.A., Rahman, A.K.A., and Haque, E.U. (2009). Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh, Asiatic Society."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Pharmacopoeias (1999). The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-1, Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of AYUSH."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Wu, C.Y., Raven, P.H., and Hong, D.Y. (2013). Flora of China Editorial Committee. Flora of China (Checklist & Addendum). Unpaginated, Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Fl. China."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khare, C. (2007). Solanum xanthocarpum S. & W. Indian Medicinal Plants, Springer. Available online: https:\/\/10.1007\/978-0-387-70638-2_1525.pdf.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-70638-2_1525"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vattakaven, T., George, R., Balasubramanian, D., R\u00e9jou-M\u00e9chain, M., Muthusankar, G., Ramesh, B., and Prabhakar, R. (2016). India biodiversity portal: An integrated, interactive and participatory biodiversity informatics platform. Biodivers. Data J., 4.","DOI":"10.3897\/BDJ.4.e10279"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.30574\/gscarr.2021.7.3.0128","article-title":"A review on the pharmaceutical activity of Solanum surattense","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"GSC Adv. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2019.90318","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum Surattense Burm f.\u2014A Review","volume":"9","author":"Tekuri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. App. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"373","article-title":"Solanum Xanthocarpum (Yellow Berried Night Shade): A Review","volume":"2","author":"Parmar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Der. Pharm. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23880\/ipcm-16000177","article-title":"Solanum Xanthocarpum: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Joghee","year":"2019","journal-title":"IPCM"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"01","article-title":"A systematic review on Solanum xanthocarpum (solanaceae) plant and its potential pharmacological activities","volume":"13","author":"Laware","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inter. Res. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malik, S., Ahmad, S., Sadiq, A., Alam, K., Wariss, H.M., Ahmad, I., Hayat, M.Q., Anjum, S., and Mukhtar, M. (2015). A comparative ethno-botanical study of cholistan (an arid area) and pothwar (a semi-arid area) of Pakistan for traditional medicines. J. Ethnobiol Ethnomed., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-015-0018-2"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.05.052","article-title":"Relative importance of indigenous medicinal plants from Layyah district, Punjab province, Pakistan","volume":"155","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.09.048","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal plant use value in the Lakki Marwat district of Pakistan","volume":"158","author":"Ullah","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.05.004","article-title":"An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by traditional healers in silent valley of Kerala, India","volume":"154","author":"Yabesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S593","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60280-9","article-title":"Ethnobotanical investigation of Nadars in Atoor village, Kanyakumari district, Tamilnadu, India","volume":"2","author":"Jeeva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376327","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/376327","article-title":"Indian traditional ayurvedic system of medicine and nutritional supplementation","volume":"2013","author":"Pandey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02858287","article-title":"Medicinal plants of Nepal\u2014Retrospect and Prospects","volume":"33","author":"Singh","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(98)00160-3","article-title":"A pilot study on the clinical efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum and Solanum trilobatum in bronchial asthma","volume":"66","author":"Govindan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav, G., and Meena, M. (2021). Bioprospecting of endophytes in medicinal plants of Thar Desert: An attractive resource for biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnol. Rep., 30.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2021.e00629"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-012-9826-6","article-title":"Traditional uses of medicinal plants for dermatological healthcare management practices by the Tharu tribal community of Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"60","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet. Resour. Crop Evol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"19","article-title":"Folk herbal medicines used by the Meena community in Rajasthan","volume":"5","author":"Meena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian J. Tradit. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S988","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60349-9","article-title":"Traditional herbal practices by the ethnic people of Kalahandi district of Odisha, India","volume":"2","author":"Mallik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-124","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of Boerhavia elegans and Solanum surattense","volume":"9","author":"Ramazani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2298\/ABS1003633G","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of some Iranian medicinal plants","volume":"62","author":"Pirbalouti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"42","article-title":"Advances in bioresearch ethno-medicinal treatment of common gastrointestinal disorders by indigenous people in Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Gilani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Biores."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umair, M., Altaf, M., Bussmann, R.W., and Abbasi, A.M. (2019). Ethnomedicinal uses of the local flora in Chenab Riverine Area, Punjab Province Pakistan. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-019-0285-4"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usman, M., Ditta, A., Ibrahim, F.H., Murtaza, G., Rajpar, M.N., Mehmood, S., Saleh, M.N.B., Imtiaz, M., Akram, S., and Khan, W.R. (2021). Quantitative ethnobotanical analysis of medicinal plants of high-temperature areas of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10101974"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phyplu.2022.100277","article-title":"Traditional knowledge of medicinal flora among tribal communities of Buner Pakistan","volume":"2","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomed. Plus"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2018.04.006","article-title":"Ethnobotanical and ecological assessment of plant resources at district Dir, Tehsil Timergara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"39","author":"Shuaib","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1465","article-title":"Indigenous knowledge of folk medicine by the women of Kalat and Khuzdar Regions of Balochistan, Pakistan","volume":"42","author":"Tareen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"39","article-title":"Traditional uses of medicinal plants of Nandiar Khuwarr catchment (district Battagram), Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Haq","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Medicinal Plants."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-021-00435-2","article-title":"An ethnopharmacological survey and comparative analysis of plants from the Sudhnoti District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2001.1101.1107","article-title":"Traditional use of herbs, shrubs and trees of Shogran valley, Mansehra, Pakistan","volume":"4","author":"Matin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"624","article-title":"Assessment of antibacterial activity of Solanum surrattense against waterborne pathogens isolated from surface drinking water of the Potohar region in Pakistan","volume":"15","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"HERA"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"262","article-title":"Development of Tibetan plant medicine","volume":"45","author":"Lama","year":"1976","journal-title":"Sci. Cult."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"27","article-title":"Nutritional value estimation of the leaves and seeds of Solanum Surattense","volume":"3","author":"Mali","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"110","article-title":"Indigenous traditional knowledge recorded on some medicinal plants in Narendra Nagar Block (Tehri Garhwal), Uttarakhand","volume":"2","author":"Dangwal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J. Nat. Prod. Resour."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"379","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial efficacy of plants used by an Indian aboriginal tribe against pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples","volume":"10","author":"Swain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Taibah Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.02.011","article-title":"An inventory of the ethnoveterinary practices for reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes, Sargodha district of Pakistan","volume":"117","author":"Dilshad","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"98","article-title":"Ethno-botanical study of medicinal plants used by tribals of Bankura Districts, West Bengal, India","volume":"1","author":"Sinhababu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Stud."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"1367","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey; common medicinal plants used by people of Cholistan desert","volume":"22","author":"Rehman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prof. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2018.09.010","article-title":"Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Thanjavur and its surrounding (Tamil Nadu\u2013India)","volume":"39","author":"Rajalakshmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ecologica Sinica"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.12.017","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal plants used by the villagers of district Udhampur, J&K, India","volume":"151","author":"Bhatia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Pullaiah, T. (2002). Medicinal Plants in India, Regency Publications."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"529","article-title":"Medico-ethnobotanical inventory of tehsil Chakwal, Pakistan","volume":"41","author":"Qureshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2017.09.004","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological relevance of medicinal plants used for the treatment of oral diseases in Central Punjab-Pakistan","volume":"12","author":"Fatima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5547987","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5547987","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological study of medicinal plants in Bajwat wildlife sanctuary, district Sialkot, Punjab province of Pakistan","volume":"2021","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"839","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from Northern part of Nara desert, Pakistan","volume":"42","author":"Qureshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"22","article-title":"People preferences and use of local medicinal flora in district Tank, Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Badshah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9737302","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9737302","article-title":"Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Polonnaruwa district in North Central Province of Sri Lanka","volume":"2019","author":"Napagoda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"22","article-title":"Traditional ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants from coastal areas of Pakistan","volume":"2","author":"Qasim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Coast. Life. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"2157","article-title":"Medicinal plants from salt range Pind Dadan Khan, district Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Iqbal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"357","article-title":"A survey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitioners in two villages of Tangail district, Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Rahmatullah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. Eurasian J. Sustain. Agric."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(91)90178-G","article-title":"Antipyretic activity of six indigenous medicinal plants of Tirumala Hills, Andhra Pradesh, India","volume":"33","author":"Vedavathy","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-6189(13)60107-9","article-title":"A review on antimicrobial efficacy of some traditional medicinal plants in Tamilnadu","volume":"2","author":"Munuswamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Acute Dis."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02914310","article-title":"Medicinal plant lore of the tribals of bastar","volume":"19","author":"Jain","year":"1965","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5455\/spatula.20140321074202","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal studies on villages of thenpuranadu, Tamil Nadu","volume":"4","author":"Sisubalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"India. Spatula DD"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"201","article-title":"Traditional use of some plants of Hamirpur district of Himachal pradesh for the treatment of jaundice, hepatitis and other liver disorders","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Theor. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"3981","article-title":"Comparison and evaluation of steroid alkaloid solasodine on In vivo and In vitro cultures of Solanum surattense Burm L","volume":"5","author":"Solouki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3109\/13880208509069022","article-title":"Ethnobotanical notes on certain medicinal plants used by Tharus of dang-deokhuri district, Nepal","volume":"23","author":"Manandhar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Crude Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"408","article-title":"Traditional practice for oral health care in Nepal","volume":"12","author":"Manandhar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Econ. Taxon. Bot."},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"4709","article-title":"Observations on some ethnomedicinal plants in sathyamangalam forests of erode district, Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"5","author":"Poongodi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasi, A.M., Khan, S.M., Ahmad, M., Khan, M.A., Quave, C.L., and Pieroni, A. (2013). Botanical ethnoveterinary therapies in three districts of the lesser Himalayas of Pakistan. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-9-84"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2021.08.006","article-title":"Quantitative study of medicinal plants and biological activities of two common species used by inhabitants of district Bannu, Pakistan","volume":"43","author":"Ullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta. Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/1702_47254805","article-title":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Namal Valley, Salt range, Pakistan","volume":"17","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.12.053","article-title":"Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the Thar desert (Sindh) of Pakistan","volume":"163","author":"Yaseen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2018.09.006","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal flora of frontier region tank, Fata, Pakistan","volume":"39","author":"Ullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaheen, S., Abbas, S., Hussain, J., Mabood, F., Umair, M., Ali, M., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Farooq, U., and Khan, A. (2017). Knowledge of medicinal plants for Children diseases in the environs of district Bannu, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa (KPK). Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00430"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12023","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/1705_1202312055","article-title":"Traditional knowledge-based inventory of wild plants of Watala National Park and Allied villages from Bhimber district, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan","volume":"17","author":"Mehwish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03403-1","article-title":"Traditional medicinal knowledge, and practices among the tribal communities of Takht-e-Sulaiman hills, Pakistan","volume":"21","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00135-X","article-title":"Folk use of medicinal herbs of Margalla hills National Park, Islamabad","volume":"69","author":"Shinwari","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-10-13","article-title":"An ethnobiological study in Kala Chitta hills of Pothwar region, Pakistan: Multinomial logit specification","volume":"10","author":"Arshad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.10.020","article-title":"Ayurveda and gynecological disorders","volume":"97","author":"Jadhav","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"206","article-title":"Seed fume of Solanum surattense: A traditional panacea for teeth and gums","volume":"3","author":"Pandey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J. Tradit. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"5","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal uses of some plants used by Gond tribe of Bhandara district, Maharashtra","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Tradit. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2015.50219","article-title":"Ethnomedicine of santal tribe living around susunia hill of Bankura District, West Bengal, India: The quantitative approach","volume":"5","author":"Rahaman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Applied Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"ref_85","first-page":"41","article-title":"Antiseptic property of Solanum surattense Burm. f","volume":"23","author":"Pandey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Econ. Taxon. Bot."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"175","article-title":"Herbal medicines used to cure various ailments by the inhabitants of Abbottabad District, Northwest Frontier Province, Pakistan","volume":"9","author":"Abbasi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Tradit. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"110","article-title":"Study of medicinal plants in Aravali regions of Rajasthan for treatment of kidney stone and urinary tract troubles","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmtech Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.01.056","article-title":"New ethnomedicinal claims from Gujjar and Bakerwals tribes of Rajouri and Poonch districts of Jammu and Kashmir, India","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.01.011","article-title":"Folk herbal medicines from tribal area of Rajasthan, India","volume":"92","author":"Katewa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02864701","article-title":"Ethnobotany of the Ratan Mahal Hills, Gujarat, India","volume":"32","author":"Bedi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Econ. Bot."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2018.08.004","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Garo community of two villages in Western Assam, India","volume":"20","author":"Talukdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"191","article-title":"Medicinal plants of Muzaffarnagar district used in treatment of urinary tract and kidney stones","volume":"8","author":"Prachi","year":"2009","journal-title":"IJTK"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"461","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal plants used in West Rarrh region of West Bengal","volume":"7","author":"Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Radiance."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-013-0338-9","article-title":"Ethno-medico-biology of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India","volume":"24","author":"Panda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modak, B.K., Gorai, P., Pandey, D.K., Dey, A., and Malik, T. (2020). An evidence-based efficacy and safety assessment of the ethnobiologicals against poisonous and non-poisonous bites used by the tribals of three westernmost districts of West Bengal, India: Anti-phospholipase A2 and genotoxic effects. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242944"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2003.09.041","article-title":"Folk herbal medicines used in birth control and sexual diseases by tribals of Southern Rajasthan, India","volume":"90","author":"Jain","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"47","article-title":"Traditional medication of pachamalai hills, Tamilnadu, India","volume":"6","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandal, S.K., and Rahaman, C.H. (2022). Inventorization and consensus analysis of ethnoveterinary medicinal knowledge among the local people in Eastern India: Perception, cultural significance, and resilience. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.861577"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-016-0089-8","article-title":"Traditional use and management of NTFPs in Kangchenjunga landscape: Implications for conservation and livelihoods","volume":"12","author":"Uprety","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkatullah, M.I., and Hussain, F. (2009). Ethnobotanical studies of plants of Charkotli Hills, Batkhela District, Malakand, Pakistan. Front. Biol. China, 4.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11515-009-0045-2"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2017.06.007","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal survey of medicinal plants of Chinglai valley, Buner district, Pakistan","volume":"13","author":"Wali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Dashamoola: A systematic overview","volume":"9","author":"Taru","year":"2022","journal-title":"GIS-Zeitschrift f\u00fc Geoinformatik"},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"284","article-title":"Ethnopharmacological survey of traditional medicinal plants in tribal areas of Kodagu district, Karnataka, India","volume":"6","author":"Lingaraju","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"556","article-title":"Isolation and enzyme inhibitory studies of steroids and alkaloidal steroid saponins from Solanum surattense Burm. f","volume":"40","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Pak."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2011.01.028","article-title":"Steroidal alkaloid saponins and steroidal saponins from Solanum surattense","volume":"72","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_106","first-page":"130","article-title":"Phenylpropanoids from Solanum surattense","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mil. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"13","article-title":"GC-MS Study on the bioactive components and anti-cancer activities of Solanum surattense","volume":"1","author":"Hema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"3845","article-title":"A new flavonoid isolated from fruits of Solanum virginianum","volume":"24","author":"Diao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.103877","article-title":"Phenolic compounds of Solanum xanthocarpum play an important role in anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arabian J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"99","article-title":"Studies in the chemical constituents of the fresh berries of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendle","volume":"5","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Pak."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"8546306","article-title":"HPTLC Analysis of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl., a Siddha Medicinal Herb","volume":"2018","author":"Preet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559325821998486","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325821998486","article-title":"Chemical profiling and dose-dependent assessment of fear reducing and memory-enhancing effects of Solanum virginianum in rats","volume":"19","author":"Javaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dose-Response"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2017.1409236","article-title":"Antibacterial and free radical scavenging activity of a medicinal plant Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"21","author":"Nithya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"361","article-title":"Volatile constituents from the leaves, fruits (berries), stems and roots of Solanum xanthocarpum from Nepal","volume":"10","author":"Satyal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Com."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114028","article-title":"Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract promotes chondrocyte proliferation In vitro and protects cartilage damage in collagenase induced osteoarthritic rats","volume":"274","author":"Shivnath","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharm."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89302-4","article-title":"A new flavonol glycoside from the flowers of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"17","author":"Dubey","year":"1978","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2702-9","article-title":"LC\u2013ESI\u2013MS\/MS based characterization of phenolic components in fruits of two species of Solanaceae","volume":"55","author":"Yasir","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103442","article-title":"Assessment on in vitro medicinal properties and chemical composition analysis of Solanum virginianum dried fruits","volume":"14","author":"Saraswathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arabian J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1099601","article-title":"Phytochemical study of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"22","author":"Tupkari","year":"1972","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-014-0827-x","article-title":"Two new steroidal glycosides from Solanum surattense","volume":"49","author":"Nawaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(73)80027-5","article-title":"Steroidal constituents of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"12","author":"Kusano","year":"1973","journal-title":"Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"355","article-title":"Isolation of natural chemical constituents from aerial part of Solanum surattens","volume":"5","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Der Pharm. Lett."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2010.09.025","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of three steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum xanthocarpum by high performance thin layer chromatography","volume":"54","author":"Shanker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2387","article-title":"Simple and reliable methods for the determination of three steroidal glycosides in the eight species of Solanum by reversed phase HPLC coupled with diode array detection","volume":"24","author":"Maurya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"199","article-title":"Isolation of solasodine from the unripe fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl. (Solanaceae) and its anti-cancer activity against HeLa and U937 cell lines","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Australas. Medical J."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.161.3846.1145","article-title":"Diosgenin and beta-Sitosterol: Isolation from Solanum xanthocarpum tissue cultures","volume":"161","author":"Heble","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"95","article-title":"Chemical examination of the seeds of Solanum xanthocarpum (Schard & Wendel). Part II. The constituents","volume":"15","author":"Gupta","year":"1938","journal-title":"J. Indian Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"117","article-title":"Re-examination of the alkaloids of the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"3","author":"Manjunath","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Mysore Univ."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.6000\/1927-5129.2014.10.04","article-title":"Isolation of a New steroidal glycoalkaloid from Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"10","author":"Fazil","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Basic Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"206","article-title":"Purification of the effective component from Solanum xanthocarpum and its effect against Oncomelania snails","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi (Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasit. Dis.)"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saiyed, I.Z., and Kanga, D.D. (1936). Chemical examination of the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences-Section A, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03045347"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2023-0028","article-title":"Terpenoid compounds from the fruits of Solanum virginianum","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Naturforschung C."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-006-9192-y","article-title":"A feeding stimulant for Manduca sexta from Solanum surattenses","volume":"32","author":"Haribal","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eco."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2022.113171","article-title":"Eight undescribed steroidal saponins including an unprecedented 16, 26-epoxy-furostanol saponin from Solanum xanthocarpum and their cytotoxic activities","volume":"199","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochemstry"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2022.132674","article-title":"Cholesaponins A-F, six new rare cholestane saponins including two unprecedented 14-Methyl C28 cholestane saponins from Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"109","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01119a532","article-title":"The isolation of diosgenin from Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"75","author":"Sato","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Amer. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NJ05286A","article-title":"Xanthosaponins A and B, two unusual steroidal saponins with an unprecedented 16,17-Seco-Cholestane skeleton from Solanum xanthocarpum and their cytotoxic activities","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"420","article-title":"Pharmacognostic studies of kantakari root (Solanum xanthocarpum Schard& Wend.): An experimental study","volume":"1","author":"Husanappa","year":"2014","journal-title":"IJMSCI"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(75)85123-5","article-title":"Steroidal constituents of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"14","author":"Kusano","year":"1975","journal-title":"Phytochemestry"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18314","article-title":"Determination of fatty acids in Solanum Surattense Burm. F. by using gas chromatography","volume":"10","author":"Preet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J. Mr. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"613","article-title":"The chemical examination of Solanum xanthocarpum, Schard and Wendle. Part I. The constituents of the oil from the seeds","volume":"13","author":"Gupta","year":"1936","journal-title":"J. Indian Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2022.105134","article-title":"Bioactive lipids from the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum and their anti-inflammatory activities","volume":"157","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89885-4","article-title":"Hormonal control of steroid synthesis in Solanum xanthocarpum tissue cultures","volume":"10","author":"Heble","year":"1971","journal-title":"Phytochemestry"},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"210","article-title":"Static callus cultures of fruit of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"49","author":"Jaggi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2006.09.009","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum trilobatum","volume":"77","author":"Emmanuel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(13)60019-2","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant activities of Solanum surattense leaf extract","volume":"3","author":"Muruhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_147","first-page":"39","article-title":"Free radical scavenging potential of the Solanum surattense Burm f.: An important medicinal plant","volume":"6","author":"Yadav","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azhar, N., Khan, M.Q., Bibi, A., Shoaib, M., Mumtaz, S., Batool, T., Ashraf, S., Ijaz, S., Firdous, S., and Sharif, F. (2020). Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, total phenolic, total flavonoids, metal content and proximate potential of Solanum xanthocarpum L. (Solanaceae). BioRxiv, 2020-02.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.20.957381"},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"21","article-title":"Differential effects of processing methods on total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three species of Solanum","volume":"20","author":"Nithiyanantham","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Ana."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-011-0066-x","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant potential of different parts of Solanum surattense Burm. f","volume":"20","author":"Joseph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., and Pandey, A.K. (2014). Medicinal attributes of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit consumed by several tribal communities as food: An in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and anti-HIV perspective. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-112"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S237","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.52.4s.103","article-title":"Evaluation of comparative immunomodulatory potential of Solanum xanthocarpum root and fruits on experimental animal","volume":"52","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.5530\/ijpi.2020.4.97","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum, Aegle marmelos and Capparis spinose against antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus cohnii","volume":"10","author":"Natarajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Efficacy of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Solanum xantocarpum whole plant hot aqueous extracts","volume":"10","author":"Choudhary","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"76","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Solanum surattense against Plasmodium berghei in comparison with Chloroquine in sourian mice using In vivo tests","volume":"1","author":"Garedaghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crescent J. Med. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Antidepressant effect of Solanum surattense Burn F","volume":"29","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"2057","article-title":"Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of some unexplored medicinal plants of Cholistan Desert","volume":"48","author":"Mustafa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_158","first-page":"1749","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of some selected medicinal plants of family Solanaceae","volume":"45","author":"Hameed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0975-3575(10)80022-7","article-title":"Anti-microbial, antioxidant and anthelmintic activity of crude extract of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"2","author":"Priya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. J."},{"key":"ref_160","unstructured":"Andleeb, S., Ahmed, M.M., Saqib, F., Hussain, M., Hanif, M., and Shah, S.N.H. (2019, January 5\u20136). Folkloric use of Solanum surattense Burm. Proceedings of the 20th Istanbul International Conference on \u201cAgricultural, Biological and Medical Sciences\u201d (IABMS-19), IABMS, Istanbul, Turkey."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-4964(14)60042-X","article-title":"Effect of aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. on postmenopausal syndrome in ovariectomized rats","volume":"12","author":"Aswar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0655-1","article-title":"Toxic effects of Solanum xanthocarpum Sch & Wendle against Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.), Culex quinquefasciatus (Say.) and Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826)","volume":"25","author":"Baskar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.52700\/fcs.v1i1.4","article-title":"Anticancer agents from Solanum surattense","volume":"1","author":"Mukhtar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_164","first-page":"479","article-title":"Anticonvulsant activity of whole plant of Solanum surattense burm against mes and ptz induced seizures in rats","volume":"1","author":"Birari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_165","first-page":"2815","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Juniperus communis and Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"3","author":"Menghani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2021.07.008","article-title":"An In vitro investigation of the antidermatophytic, antioxidant, and nephroprotective activity of Solanum surattense","volume":"109","author":"Narayanan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12975","article-title":"Wound healing potential of Solanum xanthocarpum in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"70","author":"Parmar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sethi, G., Shanmugam, M.K., Warrier, S., Merarchi, M., Arfuso, F., Kumar, A.P., and Bishayee, A. (2018). Pro-apoptotic and anti-cancer properties of diosgenin: A comprehensive and critical review. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050645"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2011.02.004","article-title":"Double antioxidant activities of rosiglitazone against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in hepatocyte","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"ref_170","first-page":"368","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of Solanum surattense for antidepressant activity in albino mice","volume":"8","author":"Thaakur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Toxicol. Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"845","article-title":"Anti-obesity and anticancer activity of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extract: An in vitro study","volume":"13","author":"Brattiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Natl. J. Physiol. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7047","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S180138","article-title":"Synthesis of gold nanoparticles with Solanum xanthocarpum extract and their In vitro anticancer potential on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60193-4","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of Solanum xanthocarpum leaves (field grown & In vitro raised) extracts on alloxan induced diabetic rats","volume":"4","author":"Poongothai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"253","article-title":"Pharmacological evaluation of Solanum surattense leaf for antiulcer activity","volume":"2","author":"Bahuguna","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"68","article-title":"Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic activity evaluation of methanol extract of Solanum surattense leaf in Swiss albino mice model","volume":"7","author":"Huque","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_176","first-page":"120","article-title":"Molluscicidal efficacy of medicinal plant Solanum surattense against Fasciola vector snail, Lymnaea acuminata","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3923\/jpt.2007.621.629","article-title":"Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Solanum surattense leaf extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","volume":"2","author":"Sridevi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5278","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60171-8","article-title":"Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic leaf extract of Solanum surattense in streptozotocine diabetic rats","volume":"1","author":"Sridevi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_179","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Solanum surattense burm. f","volume":"6","author":"Sheeba","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.08.012","article-title":"In vivo antitussive activity of a pectic arabinogalactan isolated from Solanum virginianum L. in guinea pigs","volume":"156","author":"Raja","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2020.108228","article-title":"Environmental and biomedical applications of AgNPs synthesized using the aqueous extract of Solanum surattense leaf","volume":"121","author":"Mani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.09.060","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and stabilizing lipid peroxidation nature of Solanum xanthocarpum leaves in experimentally diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis","volume":"84","author":"Velu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.877490","article-title":"Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extracts against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats","volume":"52","author":"Ghassam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2553-1","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of Solanum surattense leaf extract against chemical-induced oxidative and apoptotic injury in rats","volume":"19","author":"Parvez","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_185","first-page":"387","article-title":"Evaluation of diuretic and anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic extract of solanum surattense in experimental animal models","volume":"6","author":"Reddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_186","first-page":"111","article-title":"Anti-fungal activity of Solanum xanthocarpum (kantkari) leaf extract","volume":"9","author":"Gaherwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2016.504.038","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extract","volume":"5","author":"Rana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci."},{"key":"ref_188","first-page":"1958","article-title":"A comparative study of antibacterial potential and phytochemical analysis between field grown and tissue cultured plant\u2014Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl","volume":"3","author":"Poongothai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_189","first-page":"189","article-title":"Potential wound healing activity of the ethanolic extract of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl leaves","volume":"25","author":"Dewangan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_190","first-page":"410","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-asthmatic activity of ethanolic extract of Solanum xanthocarpum leaves","volume":"2","author":"Parmar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Usman, H., Jan, H., Zaman, G., Khanum, M., Drouet, S., Garros, L., Tungmunnithum, D., Hano, C., and Abbasi, B.H. (2022). Comparative analysis of various plant-growth-regulator treatments on biomass accumulation, bioactive phytochemical production, and biological activity of Solanum virginianum L. callus culture extracts. Cosmetics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9040071"},{"key":"ref_192","first-page":"513","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-asthmatic property of Solanum xanthocarpum flower extracts","volume":"1","author":"Vadnere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2015.07.005","article-title":"Synergistic hepatoprotective potential of ethanol extract of Solanum xanthocarpum and Juniperus communis against paracetamol and azithromycin induced liver injury in rats","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.08.043","article-title":"Antiurolithiatic activity of saponin rich fraction from the fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. (Solanaceae) against ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats","volume":"144","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_195","first-page":"415","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of fruits of Solanum nigrum and Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"71","author":"Abbas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410701369458","article-title":"Isolation of steroidal glycosides from Solanum xanthocarpum and studies on their antifungal activities","volume":"21","author":"Singh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Cytotoxic, antioxidant and phytotoxic effect of Solanum surattense Burm.f. fruit extracts","volume":"28","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v9i3-s.2948","article-title":"In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of S. surattense and A. officinarum herb by human red blood cell membrane stabilization method","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"JDDT"},{"key":"ref_199","first-page":"187","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of anthelmintic potential of Cucurbita maxima seeds, Moringa oleifera seeds and Solanum surattense fruits","volume":"6","author":"Raul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_200","first-page":"103","article-title":"Comparative study of anthelmintic activity between aqueous and ethanolic extract of Solanum surattense Linn","volume":"1","author":"Nayak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60107-2","article-title":"Nephroprotective activity of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract against gentamicin\u2013induced nephrotoxicity and renal dysfunction in experimental rodents","volume":"5","author":"Hussain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"51","article-title":"Evaluation of hyperglycemia potential of Solanum xanthocarpum (Solanaceae) fruits in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","volume":"13","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Bull. Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(11)60227-7","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract against ccl4 induced acute liver toxicity in experimental animals","volume":"4","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7788.72489","article-title":"Study of the synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl and Cassia fistula Linn","volume":"1","author":"Anwikar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Ayurveda Res."},{"key":"ref_205","first-page":"240","article-title":"Solanum surattense: Evaluation of anthelmintic activity","volume":"1","author":"Barik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1148-3","article-title":"Diuretic and serum electrolyte regulation potential of aqueous methanolic extract of Solanum surattense fruit validates its folkloric use in dysuria","volume":"16","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_207","first-page":"320","article-title":"Effect of crude extract of Solanum xanthocarpum against snails and mosquito larvae","volume":"41","author":"Changbunjong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2876-z","article-title":"Mosquitocidal activity of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract and copepod Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides for the control of dengue vector Aedes Aegypti","volume":"111","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1179\/000349802125000727","article-title":"Toxicology of a potential molluscicide derived from the plant Solanum xanthocarpum: A preliminary study","volume":"96","author":"Wei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(12)60075-6","article-title":"Evaluation of antihepatotoxic potential of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract against antitubercular drugs induced hepatopathy in experimental rodents","volume":"2","author":"Hussain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_211","first-page":"17","article-title":"Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of extracts from whole plant of Solanum surattense Burm.f","volume":"3","author":"Patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.05.016","article-title":"Studies on hypoglycaemic activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. fruit extract in rats","volume":"108","author":"Kar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_213","first-page":"e45202","article-title":"An in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum extracts on bacteria from dental plaque biofilm","volume":"15","author":"Arumuganainar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_214","first-page":"173","article-title":"Anti-Urolithiatic and Natriuretic Activity of Steroidal Constituents of Solanum Xanthocarpum","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Der Pharma Chemica"},{"key":"ref_215","first-page":"1772","article-title":"Anthelmintic activity of the extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad And Wendl fruits (solanaceae)","volume":"2","author":"Gunaselvi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inter. J. Pharm. Tech. Res."},{"key":"ref_216","first-page":"470","article-title":"Wound healing activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. fruits","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60183-4","article-title":"Effect of Solanum surattense seed on the oxidative potential of cauda epididymal spermatozoa","volume":"2","author":"Thirumalai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_218","first-page":"684","article-title":"Evaluation of antifungal activity and phytochemical screening of Solanum surattense seeds","volume":"3","author":"David","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_219","first-page":"1000288","article-title":"Evaluating the analgesic efficacy of Solanum surattense (herbal seed extract) in relieving pulpal pain-an in-vivo study","volume":"5","author":"Amirtharaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dentistry"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.12.046","article-title":"Anti-psoriatic potential of Solanum xanthocarpum stem in imiquimod-induced psoriatic mice model","volume":"198","author":"Parmar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-0407.2010.00107.x","article-title":"Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of \u03b2-Sitosterol in Streptozotocin-induced experimental hyperglycemia","volume":"3","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Diabet."},{"key":"ref_222","first-page":"17","article-title":"Biological and Leishmanicidal activities of Solanum surattense bark extract","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Topclass J. Herb. Med."},{"key":"ref_223","first-page":"2777","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic activity of ethanol extract of Solanum surattense root","volume":"4","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_224","first-page":"302","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of methanol root extract of Solanum surattens against candida species","volume":"12","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_225","first-page":"468","article-title":"Antimetastatic, superoxide anion and nitric oxide reduction potential of Solanum xanthocarpum on human lung cancer cell line A549","volume":"17","author":"Bhatt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Trad. Knowl."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2019.1581091","article-title":"Characterization of medicinal plant-associated biocontrol Bacillus subtilis (SSL2) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and evaluation of compounds by in silico and In vitro methods","volume":"38","author":"Jinal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_227","first-page":"40","article-title":"Phenolic content of Solanum xanthocarpum and their diuretic potential","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Interdiscip. Multidiscip. Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0257-7941.179876","article-title":"Retraction: Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"35","author":"Eranezhath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anc. Sci. Life"},{"key":"ref_229","first-page":"221","article-title":"Larvicidal Activity of the Extracts from Different Parts of the Plant Solanum xanthocarpum against important mosquito vectors in the arid region","volume":"30","author":"Bansal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Environ. Biol."},{"key":"ref_230","first-page":"2","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis of Solanum virginianum and its effect on human pathogenic microbes with special emphasis on Salmonella typhi","volume":"5","author":"Devi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Forensic Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_231","first-page":"90","article-title":"Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of extracts of Solanum xanthocarpum","volume":"23","author":"Udayakumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anc. Sci. Life"},{"key":"ref_232","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Antihemolytic activity of Solanum virginianum","volume":"11","author":"Madhumithaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Invent. Today"},{"key":"ref_233","first-page":"1","article-title":"Qualitative, quantitative screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of various parts of Solanum surattense","volume":"9","author":"Devi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Emer. Tech. Inn. Res."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.08.019","article-title":"Stigmasterol: A phytosterol with potential anti-osteoarthritic properties","volume":"18","author":"Gabay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_235","first-page":"265","article-title":"A note on anti-inflammatory activity of carpesterol","volume":"51","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900208","article-title":"Diosgenin attenuates inflammatory changes in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages","volume":"54","author":"Shizuka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.04.033","article-title":"Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene","volume":"285","author":"Saleem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer lett."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0564-z","article-title":"Evaluation of antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants from North Indian Buchpora and South Indian Eastern Ghats","volume":"14","author":"Kaushik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2010.01.017","article-title":"Apoptosis inducing activity of steroidal constituents from Solanum xanthocarpum and Asparagus racemosus","volume":"17","author":"Bhutani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2007.12.002","article-title":"Antigenotoxic effect of apigenin against anti-cancerous drugs","volume":"22","author":"Siddique","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burger, T., Mokoka, T., Fouch\u00e9, G., Steenkamp, P., Steenkamp, V., and Cordier, W. (2018). Solamargine, a bioactive steroidal alkaloid isolated from Solanum aculeastrum induces non-selective cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2208-7"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvg162","article-title":"Role of P38 MAPK in lupeol-induced B16 2F2 mouse melanoma cell differentiation","volume":"134","author":"Hata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(00)00506-2","article-title":"Anticancer activity evaluation of the solanum glycoalkaloid solamargine: Triggering apoptosis in human hepatoma cells","volume":"60","author":"Kuo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5958\/j.2229-4473.26.1.043","article-title":"Phenolic content, reducing power and membrane protective activities of Solanum xanthocarpum root extracts","volume":"26","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vegetos"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2017.812064","article-title":"Solasodine, solamargine and mixtures of solasodine rhamnosides: Pathway to expansive clinical anticancer therapies","volume":"8","author":"Cham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Internat. J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1816","article-title":"Antioxidant activities of some Lamiaceae plant extracts","volume":"20","author":"Erdemoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.12.005","article-title":"Screening and antibacterial efficacy of selected Indian medicinal plants","volume":"6","author":"Mickymaray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(88)90158-4","article-title":"Effects of Abana, an ayurvedic preparation, on rabbit atrium and intestine","volume":"24","author":"Pasnani","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharm."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.12.016","article-title":"Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activity of jigrine against galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats","volume":"97","author":"Najmi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharm."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, H.R., Aamir, M., Tabassum, S., Alghamdi, Y.S., Alzamami, A., and Ashfaq, U.A. (2022). Integrated System Pharmacology Approaches to Elucidate Multi-Target Mechanism of Solanum Surattense against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27196220"},{"key":"ref_251","first-page":"20","article-title":"Phytochemicals from Solanum surattense Burm. f. have high binding affinities for C-3 like main protease of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"8","author":"Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Stud."},{"key":"ref_252","unstructured":"Sahu, N., Madan, S., Walia, R., and Saxena, S. (2023, January 17\u201318). In-silico Approach for the treatment of Psoriasis by Solanum xanthocarpum. Proceedings of the Conference Pharmaceutical Technology, Phytopharmaceuticals and Biologicals: Trends (PTPPBT 2023), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India."},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1555","article-title":"Further studies on the clinical efficacy of Solanum xanthocarpum and Solanum trilobatum in bronchial asthma","volume":"18","author":"Govindan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_254","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antiasthmatic effect of standardized extract of ayurvedic compounds via nasal spray actuation (in aerosol form) in rodents and its comparative clinical study","volume":"6","author":"Divya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.31254\/jahm.2021.7101","article-title":"Solanum xanthocarpum and Acacia catechu Willd\u2014an ayurvedic soothe: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ayu. Her. Med."},{"key":"ref_256","unstructured":"Jihong, Q. (2024, January 05). Solanum xanthocarpum Extract, Preparation Method and Use Thereof. Patent number CN101337001B. Medicilon\/MPI Preclinical Research (Shanghai) CO. 15 February 2008. Available online: https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/CN101337001B\/en."},{"key":"ref_257","first-page":"101","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic potency of whole plant extract of Solanum Surattense in experimental animals","volume":"5","author":"Sravanthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharmacol. Pharmacodyn."},{"key":"ref_258","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and Wendl. fruit extract against ethanol induced liver toxicity in experimental rodents","volume":"6","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_259","first-page":"35578","article-title":"Assessment of hepatoprotective potential of Solanum xanthocarpum (whole plant) Linn. against isoniazid & rifampicin induced hepatic toxicity in wistar rats","volume":"87","author":"Verma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elixir Appl. Botany"},{"key":"ref_260","first-page":"189","article-title":"Evaluation of total mineral, calcium, selenium, iron content of ten medicinal plants extracts of manipur having anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"4","author":"Devi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Stud."},{"key":"ref_261","first-page":"41","article-title":"Green extraction of dyes from Solanum xanthocarpum leaves","volume":"5","author":"Tayade","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Sci. Rev. Lett."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/7\/948\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:17:09Z","timestamp":1760109429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/7\/948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"references-count":261,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ph17070948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17070948","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]}}}