{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:04:09Z","timestamp":1792019049178,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cYoung Eagle\u201d Program of the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association","award":["SACA-CY21B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SACA-CY21B04"]}]},{"name":"\u201cYoung Eagle\u201d Program of the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association","award":["SACA-AX202110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SACA-AX202110"]}]},{"name":"\u201cSoaring\u201d Program of the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association","award":["SACA-CY21B04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SACA-CY21B04"]}]},{"name":"\u201cSoaring\u201d Program of the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association","award":["SACA-AX202110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SACA-AX202110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we compared the similarities and differences in adverse events (AEs) among CAR T-cell products through signal mining via the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and identified unknown AEs to provide a reference for safe clinical medication. Data from the FAERS database spanning from the fourth quarter of 2017 to the first quarter of 2024 were extracted. Signals were identified using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) method. A total of 11,386 AE reports related to six CAR T-cell products were selected. The top three categories of AEs reported were nervous system disorders, immune system disorders, and general disorders and administration site conditions. However, there were variations in the AE spectra among the different CAR T-cell products. The BCMA-targeting drugs idecabtagene vicleucel (Ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Cilta-cel) were found to be associated with parkinsonism, which were not observed in CD19-targeting drugs. Tisagenlecleucel (Tisa-cel) and axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) exhibited cerebrovascular accident-related AEs, graft versus host disease, and abnormal coagulation indices. Cilta-cel was associated with cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, cranial nerve disorder, and facial nerve disorder. Cardiopulmonary toxicity, including hypoxia, tachypnoea, cardiorenal syndrome, and hypotension, exhibited strong signal intensities and considerable overlap with CRS. The number of positive signals for cardiopulmonary toxicity associated with drugs targeting CD-19 is greater. Clinicians should assess patients prior to medication and closely monitor their vital signs, mental status, and laboratory parameters during treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17081025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T07:37:30Z","timestamp":1722843450000},"page":"1025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparing the Differences in Adverse Events among Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapies: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706169","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy","volume":"379","author":"June","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2020.1790521","article-title":"CAR-T cells: The Chinese experience","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00555-x","article-title":"Clinical development of CAR T cell therapy in China: 2020 update","volume":"18","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up of CD19 CAR Therapy in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1799","article-title":"Potent Anti-leukemia Activities of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells against CD19 in Chinese Patients with Relapsed\/Refractory Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25108","article-title":"Potent anti-leukemia activities of humanized CD19-targeted Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in patients with relapsed\/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"93","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25582","article-title":"Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed\/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An open-label pragmatic clinical trial","volume":"94","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709866","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Maude","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3376","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021013733","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of CD19-specific CAR T cell-based therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with CNSL","volume":"139","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01222-8","article-title":"KTE-X19 for relapsed or refractory adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Phase 2 results of the single-arm, open-label, multicentre ZUMA-3 study","volume":"398","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01214","article-title":"Coadministration of CD19- and CD22-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Single-Arm, Multicenter, Phase II Trial","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e711","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00238-6","article-title":"CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for CNS relapsed or refractory acute lymphocytic leukaemia: A post-hoc analysis of pooled data from five clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Leahy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-019-02771-2","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tisagenlecleucel in Japanese pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed\/refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"111","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01345-8","article-title":"Long-term activity of tandem CD19\/CD20 CAR therapy in refractory\/relapsed B-cell lymphoma: A single-arm, phase 1-2 trial","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5827","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3259","article-title":"Phase II trial of co-administration of CD19- and CD20-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells for relapsed and refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Sang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1632","article-title":"Optimized tandem CD19\/CD20 CAR-engineered T cells in refractory\/relapsed B-cell lymphoma","volume":"136","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30864-7","article-title":"Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): A single-arm, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial","volume":"20","author":"Locke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.77.8084","article-title":"T Cells Genetically Modified to Express an Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cause Remissions of Poor-Prognosis Relapsed Multiple Myeloma","volume":"36","author":"Brudno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0681-6","article-title":"A phase 1, open-label study of LCAR-B38M, a chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy directed against B cell maturation antigen, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI126397","article-title":"B cell maturation antigen-specific CAR T cells are clinically active in multiple myeloma","volume":"129","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817226","article-title":"Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy bb2121 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"380","author":"Raje","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e521","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30115-2","article-title":"A combination of humanised anti-CD19 and anti-BCMA CAR T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: A single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"6","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01170-7","article-title":"A bispecific CAR-T cell therapy targeting BCMA and CD38 in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"14","author":"Mei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00933-8","article-title":"Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-1): A phase 1b\/2 open-label study","volume":"398","author":"Berdeja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024850","article-title":"Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma","volume":"384","author":"Munshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"669","article-title":"FDA approves first CAR T therapy","volume":"16","author":"Mullard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FDA (2018). FDA Approves Second CAR T-cell Therapy. Cancer Discov., 8, 5\u20136.","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-NB2017-155"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01077-3","article-title":"Novel agents and regimens for hematological malignancies: Recent updates from 2020 ASH annual meeting","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"332","article-title":"FDA approves first BCMA-targeted CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"20","author":"Mullard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"166","article-title":"FDA approves fourth CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"20","author":"Mullard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18741","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.104058","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of the fatal toxic effects associated with CD19 CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging (Albany Ny)"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1407222","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia","volume":"371","author":"Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804980","article-title":"Tisagenlecleucel in Adult Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","volume":"380","author":"Schuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/CNQ.0000000000000302","article-title":"CAR T-Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity: Current Management and Emerging Treatment Strategies","volume":"43","author":"Rivera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Nurs. Q."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.07.025","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies","volume":"146","author":"Freyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01564-7","article-title":"Neurocognitive and hypokinetic movement disorder with features of parkinsonism after BCMA-targeting CAR-T cell therapy","volume":"27","author":"Aleman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020571","article-title":"Neurologic toxicities following adoptive immunotherapy with BCMA-directed CAR T cells","volume":"142","author":"Karschnia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly064","article-title":"Neuropathology of a Case With Fatal CAR T-Cell-Associated Cerebral Edema","volume":"77","author":"Torre","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708566","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Refractory B-Cell Lymphomas","volume":"377","author":"Schuster","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"FDA (2024, April 23). KYMRIAH\u00ae (Tisagenlecleucel) Suspension for Intravenous Infusion Initial U.S. Approval: 2017, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/107296\/download?attachment."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"FDA (2024, April 23). TECARTUS\u00ae (Brexucabtagene autoleucel) Suspension for Intravenous Infusion Initial U.S. Approval: 2020, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/140409\/download?attachment."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"FDA (2024, April 23). YESCARTA\u00ae (Axicabtagene ciloleucel) Suspension for Intravenous Infusion Initial U.S. Approval: 2017, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/108377\/download?attachment."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"FDA (2024, April 23). BREYANZI\u00ae (Lisocabtagene maraleucel) Suspension for Intravenous Infusion Initial U.S. Approval: 2021, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/145711\/download?attachment."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"FDA (2024, April 23). ABECMA\u00ae (Idecabtagene vicleucel), Suspension for Intravenous Infusion Initial U.S. Approval: 2021, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/147055\/download?attachment."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"FDA (2024, April 23). CARVYKTI\u00ae (Ciltacabtagene autoleucel) Suspension for Intravenous Infusion Initial U.S. Approval: 2022, Available online: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/156560\/download?attachment."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00547-6","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome and associated neurotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.18873","article-title":"Derivation and validation of a novel score for early prediction of severe CRS after CAR-T therapy in haematological malignancy patients: A multi-centre study","volume":"202","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-020-00346-7","article-title":"Infection during the first year in patients treated with CD19 CAR T cells for diffuse large B cell lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Wudhikarn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wesson, W., Dima, D., Suleman, N., Saif, M., Tabak, C., Logan, E., Davis, J.A., McGann, M., Furqan, F., and Mohan, M. (2024). Timing of Toxicities and Non-Relapse Mortality Following CAR T Therapy in Myeloma. Transpl. Cell. Ther., S2666\u2013S6367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.06.012"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.229781","article-title":"Management of adults and children undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: Best practice recommendations of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of ISCT and EBMT (JACIE)","volume":"105","author":"Chabannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26914","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia due to CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"65","author":"Doan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.10.478","article-title":"Side-effect management of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy","volume":"32","author":"Schubert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-04-703751","article-title":"Toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells: Recognition and management","volume":"127","author":"Brudno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-07-793760","article-title":"Infectious complications of CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell immunotherapy","volume":"131","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.11.027","article-title":"Coagulation Disorders after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy: Analysis of 100 Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Hematologic Malignancies","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.038","article-title":"Cardiovascular Events Among Adults Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells (CAR-T)","volume":"74","author":"Alvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048100","article-title":"Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy-Associated Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma","volume":"142","author":"Ganatra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2020.04.012","article-title":"Cardiovascular Effects of CAR T Cell Therapy: A Retrospective Study","volume":"2","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jacc-Cardiooncol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.044","article-title":"Adverse Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Events Associated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy","volume":"78","author":"Goldman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2021.280009","article-title":"Cardiovascular events in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for aggressive B-cell lymphoma","volume":"107","author":"Steiner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001159","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001159","article-title":"Impact of cytokine release syndrome on cardiac function following CD19 CAR-T cell therapy in children and young adults with hematological malignancies","volume":"8","author":"Shalabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac106","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity from chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for advanced malignancies","volume":"43","author":"Totzeck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629050-00003","article-title":"Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Hazell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug. Saf."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023023447","article-title":"Real-world and clinical trial outcomes in large B-cell lymphoma with axicabtagene ciloleucel across race and ethnicity","volume":"143","author":"Locke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050466","article-title":"A Bayesian neural network method for adverse drug reaction signal generation","volume":"54","author":"Bate","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200326050-00001","article-title":"Application of quantitative signal detection in the Dutch spontaneous reporting system for adverse drug reactions","volume":"26","author":"Diemont","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug. Saf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.677","article-title":"Use of proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) for signal generation from spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports","volume":"10","author":"Evans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.668","article-title":"A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions","volume":"11","author":"Bate","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/8\/1025\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:30:05Z","timestamp":1760110205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/8\/1025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ph17081025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17081025","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]}}}