{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:02:24Z","timestamp":1787029344028,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP2024R376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R376"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a severe diabetic complication, impairs heart function, leading to heart failure. Treatment that effectively addresses this condition without causing side effects is urgently needed. Current anti-hyperglycemic therapies are expensive, has side effects and do not effectively prevent cardiac remodeling. Therefore, it is important to explore natural products that may have the potential to reverse cardiac remodeling. That is why the aim of the current study was to determine the left ventricular remodeling potential of the methanolic extract of Artemisia vulgaris in a diabetic cardiomyopathy rat model. Following the initial comprehensive phytochemical evaluation of plant phenolic and flavonoid content, which showed strong anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant activities, an extract of Artemisia vulgaris was administered in an in vivo experiment. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced in Wistar albino rats according to previously described protocols in the literature, and the effect of treatment was checked by serum and histopathological analysis after 45 days. Artemisia vulgaris treatment significantly (p \u2264 0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose (108.5 \u00b1 1.75 mg\/dL), glycated hemoglobin (4.03 \u00b1 0.12 %), serum glucose (116.66 \u00b1 3.28 mg\/dL), insulin (15.66 \u00b1 0.66 ng\/mL), total oxidant status (54.66 \u00b1 3.22 \u00b5mol H2O2Equiv.L\u22121), Malondialdehyde (0.20 \u00b1 0.01 mmol\/L), total cholesterol (91.16 \u00b1 3.35 mg\/dL), triglycerides (130.66 \u00b1 3.15 mg\/dL), low-density lipids (36.57 \u00b1 1.02 mg\/dL), sodium (140 \u00b1 3.21 mmol\/L), calcium (10.44 \u00b1 0.24 mmol\/L), creatine kinase MB (1227.5 \u00b1 17.89 IU\/L), lactate dehydrogenase (1300 \u00b1 34.64 IU\/L), C-reactive protein (30 \u00b1 0.57 pg\/mL), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (58.66 \u00b1 1.76 pg\/mL), atrial natriuretic peptide (2.53 \u00b1 0.04 pg\/mL), B-type natriuretic peptide (10.66 \u00b1 0.44 pg\/mL), aspartate aminotransferase (86.5 \u00b1 4.99 U\/L), Alanine Transaminase (55.33 \u00b1 2.90 U\/L), urea (25.33 \u00b1 1.15 mg\/dL) and creatinine (0.64 \u00b1 0.02 mg\/dL) but significantly increased (p \u2264 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (1.73 \u00b1 0.07 mmol Trolox Equil.\/L), high-density lipids (40 \u00b1 1.59 mg\/dL) and potassium (3.82 \u00b1 0.04 mmol\/L) levels. ECG and histopathology confirmed the significant improvement in remodeling and the reversal of structural changes in the heart and pancreas. In conclusion, Artemisia vulgaris possesses significant left ventricular remodeling potential in course of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17081046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T07:01:25Z","timestamp":1723100485000},"page":"1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Artemisia vulgaris Extract as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Reversing Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in a Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"family":"Liza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9090-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghulam","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhail","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8438-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haseeb","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103901","article-title":"The increasing rate of diabetes in Pakistan: A silent killer","volume":"79","author":"Azeem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K.B., Ostolaza, H., and Mart\u00edn, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176275"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-019-1107-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease","volume":"21","author":"Glovaci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"36","article-title":"Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and its pattern in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria","volume":"37","author":"Manzoor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med. Inst."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2495-3","article-title":"Coenzyme Q 10 attenuates diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in the db\/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"55","author":"Huynh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0892-3","article-title":"Impaired branched chain amino acid oxidation contributes to cardiac insulin resistance in heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Uddin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311586","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: An update of mechanisms contributing to this clinical entity","volume":"122","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"95","article-title":"Biochemical markers of myocardial damage","volume":"27","author":"Bodor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ejifcc"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202217809","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202217809","article-title":"Influence of side chain conformation on the activity of glycosidase inhibitors","volume":"135","author":"Tseng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-022-00436-2","article-title":"Artemisia vulgaris Linn: An updated review on its multiple biological activities","volume":"8","author":"Siwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2019029397","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of Artemisia vulgaris: An insight into underlying immunological mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Soon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2023.2166954","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of Artemisia vulgaris grown in different altitudes of Nepal","volume":"26","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"110","article-title":"A preclinical antihyperlipidemic evaluation of Artemisia vulgaris root in diet induced hyperlipidemic animal model","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07320-2","article-title":"GC\u2013MS and molecular docking analyses of phytochemicals from the underutilized plant, Parkia timoriana revealed candidate anti-cancerous and anti-inflammatory agents","volume":"12","author":"Ralte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santa-Mar\u00eda, C., L\u00f3pez-Enr\u00edquez, S., Montserrat-de la Paz, S., Geniz, I., Reyes-Quiroz, M.E., Moreno, M., Palomares, F., Sobrino, F., and Alba, G. (2023). Update on Anti-Inflammatory Molecular Mechanisms Induced by Oleic Acid. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010224"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"65","article-title":"Identification and comparative studies of different volatile fractions from Monochaetia kansensis by GCMS","volume":"6","author":"Yogeswari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"61","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and GC-MS, FT-IR analysis of methanolic extract leaves of Solanum torvum Sw","volume":"3","author":"Nithyadevi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Stud. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"970","article-title":"GC-MS analysis of the hexane extract of Limnophila indica (L.) Druce, its total phenolics, in-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifeeding activity against Spilosoma obliqua","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"163","article-title":"Analysis for phytoceuticals and bioinformatics approach for the evaluation of therapetic properties of whole plant methanolic extract of Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem.(Cucurbitaceae)-a traditional medicinal plant in Western districts of Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"5","author":"Mallikadevi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-013-0211-8","article-title":"Homicide\u2013suicide by oral administration of cyclobarbital","volume":"32","author":"Torimitsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24430","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24430","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D on oxidative stress and serum inflammatory factors in the patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Liu, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, P., and Zhang, Y. (2018). The effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030375"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00335-y","article-title":"Piperidine nucleus in the field of drug discovery","volume":"7","author":"Abdelshaheed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-018-9749-1","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Molecular mechanisms, detrimental effects of conventional treatment, and beneficial effects of natural therapy","volume":"24","author":"Parim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1831","article-title":"The role of plant-derived natural antioxidants in reduction of oxidative stress","volume":"48","author":"Akbari","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Biological activities of flavonoids: An overview","volume":"10","author":"Karak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustafa, I., Faisal, M.N., Hussain, G., Muzaffar, H., Imran, M., Ijaz, M.U., Sohail, M.U., Iftikhar, A., Shaukat, A., and Anwar, H. (2021). Efficacy of Euphorbia helioscopia in context to a possible connection between antioxidant and antidiabetic activities: A comparative study of different extracts. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-021-03237-x"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Truong, T.M.T. (2022). \u03c1-Coumaric acid Prevents High Fat and High Sucrose-Mediated Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis. [Ph.D. Thesis, Jeju National University]."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6320","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1987","article-title":"Inhibitors of \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase: Potential linkage for whole cereal foods on prevention of hyperglycemia","volume":"8","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"831","article-title":"p-Coumaric acid regulates blood glucose and antioxidant levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats","volume":"7","author":"Amalan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, H., Khan, S., Rahim, F., Taha, M., Iqbal, R., Sarfraz, M., Shah, S.A.A., Sajid, M., Awad, M.F., and Omran, A. (2022). Benzimidazole bearing thiosemicarbazone derivatives act as potent \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitors; synthesis, bioactivity screening and molecular docking study. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27206921"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"101","article-title":"In vitro antidiabetic activity of Caesalpina digyna (R.) methanol root extract","volume":"1","author":"Narkhede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J. Plant Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2013-0141","article-title":"Caffeic and chlorogenic acids inhibit key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes (in vitro): A comparative study","volume":"26","author":"Oboh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anti-diabetic effect of p-coumaric acid on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and histopathological examinations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"3","author":"Shairibha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Integr. Sci. Innov. Technol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, A.K., Rana, H.K., Singh, V., Yadav, T.C., Varadwaj, P., and Pandey, A.K. (2021). Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of dietary phenolic compound chlorogenic acid in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: Molecular docking, molecular dynamics, in silico toxicity, in vitro and in vivo studies. Comput. Biol. Med., 134.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104462"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.216","article-title":"Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y.-y., Shui, J.-c., Zhang, B.-x., Chin, J.-w., and Yue, R.-s. (2020). The potential roles of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.585487"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13102488","article-title":"A comparative study of the radical-scavenging activity of the phenolcarboxylic acids caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid, with or without 2-mercaptoethanol, a thiol, using the induction period method","volume":"13","author":"Kadoma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-020-00214-8","article-title":"Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris L. leaves","volume":"6","author":"Thangjam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Phytosci."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"302","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of Artemisia vulgaris L. against Cisplatin induce hepatotoxicity in mice","volume":"13","author":"Kadhum","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Negat. Results"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-021-00782-7","article-title":"Nephroprotective effect of Vanillic acid in STZ-induced diabetic rats","volume":"20","author":"Kumari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.14-141","article-title":"Biochemical effects, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia vulgaris extract in hypercholesterolemic rats","volume":"57","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.04.052","article-title":"Preventive effects of p-coumaric acid on cardiac hypertrophy and alterations in electrocardiogram, lipids, and lipoproteins in experimentally induced myocardial infarcted rats","volume":"60","author":"Roy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farazandeh, M., Mahmoudabady, M., Asghari, A.A., and Niazmand, S. (2022). Diabetic cardiomyopathy was attenuated by cinnamon treatment through the inhibition of fibro-inflammatory response and ventricular hypertrophy in diabetic rats. J. Food Biochem., 46.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14206"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.06.053","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of quercetin as a cardiovascular agent","volume":"155","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13706","article-title":"Quercetin, hyperin, and chlorogenic acid improve endothelial function by antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and ACE inhibitory effects","volume":"82","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nair, A., Preetha Rani, M., Salin Raj, P., Ranjit, S., Rajankutty, K., and Raghu, K. (2022). Cinnamic acid is beneficial to diabetic cardiomyopathy via its cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-dyslipidemia, and antidiabetic properties. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 36.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23215"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"891","article-title":"Ellagic acid protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by stimulating cardiac silent information regulator 1 signaling","volume":"71","author":"Altamimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.07.008","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding dietary polyphenols protecting against hypertension","volume":"138","author":"Gai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092015","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1092015","article-title":"Simvastatin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation in rats","volume":"2017","author":"Hasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raish, M., Ahmad, A., Jardan, Y.A.B., Shahid, M., Alkharfy, K.M., Ahad, A., Ansari, M.A., Abdelrahman, I.A., and Al-Jenoobi, F.I. (2022). Sinapic acid ameliorates cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyopathy by modulating NF-\u03baB and Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathways in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed. Pharmacother., 145.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112412"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, J., Zhang, Y., Tang, C., Hou, Y., Ai, X., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., and Meng, X. (2021). Gallic acid: Pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation-related diseases. Biomed. Pharmacother., 133.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110985"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotb El-Sayed, M.-I., Al-Massarani, S., El Gamal, A., El-Shaibany, A., and Al-Mahbashi, H.M. (2020). Mechanism of antidiabetic effects of Plicosepalus Acaciae flower in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats, as complementary and alternative therapy. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-020-03087-z"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E200","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00333.2015","article-title":"CFTR silencing in pancreatic \u03b2-cells reveals a functional impact on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and oxidative stress response","volume":"310","author":"Ntimbane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam, W., Khan, H., Shah, M.A., Cauli, O., and Saso, L. (2020). Kaempferol as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent: Current therapeutic standing. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184073"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000810","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000810","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid alleviates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac fibrosis through activation of the NO\/cGMP\/PKG pathway in cardiac fibroblasts","volume":"65","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2020.1815170","article-title":"Streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: Ameliorative effect of PIPERINE via Bcl2, Bax\/Bcl2, and caspase-3 pathways","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou, P.-C., Chen, Y.-H., Chung, T.-K., Walzem, R.L., Lai, L.-S., and Chen, S.-E. (2020). Supplemental 25-hydroxycholecalciferol alleviates inflammation and cardiac fibrosis in hens. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218379"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, M., Li, Y., Li, S., and Lv, J. (2022). Endothelial dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.851941"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113328","article-title":"Protective effects of medicinal plant against diabetes induced cardiac disorder: A review","volume":"265","author":"Shabab","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustafa, I., Anwar, H., Irfan, S., Muzaffar, H., and Ijaz, M.U. (2022). Attenuation of carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile by methanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia and improvement of beta cell function in a type 2 diabetic rat model. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03507-2"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"170","article-title":"Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous\u2013methanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris","volume":"19","author":"Gilani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. Int. J. Devoted Pharmacol. Toxicol. Eval. Nat. Prod. Deriv."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Phytochemical constituents of some selected medicinal plants","volume":"22","author":"Saxena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Think India J."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3188","article-title":"Analyzing cross-talk of EPO and EGF genes along with evaluating therapeutic potential of Cinnamomum verum in cigarette-smoke-induced lung pathophysiology in rat model","volume":"11","author":"Anwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.35841\/biomedicalresearch.30-19-241","article-title":"Biological potential and GC-MS analysis of phytochemicals of Farsetia hamiltonii (Royle)","volume":"30","author":"Hayat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/8\/1046\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:31:56Z","timestamp":1760110316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/8\/1046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ph17081046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17081046","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]}}}