{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T11:11:36Z","timestamp":1770289896931,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the leaves of K. tomentosa were macerated with hexane, chloroform, and methanol, respectively. The phytochemical profiles of hexane and chloroform extracts were unveiled using GC\/MS, whereas the chemical composition of the methanol extract was analyzed using UPLC\/MS\/MS. The antibacterial activity of extracts was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative strains through the minimal inhibitory concentration assay, and in silico studies were implemented to analyze the interaction of phytoconstituents with bacterial peptides. The antioxidant property of extracts was assessed by evaluating their capacity to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radicals. The toxicity of the extracts was recorded against Artemia salina nauplii and Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Results demonstrate that the hexane and chloroform extracts contain phytosterols, triterpenes, and fatty acids, whereas the methanol extract possesses glycosidic derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol together with sesquiterpene lactones. The antibacterial performance of extracts against the cultured strains was appraised as weak due to their MIC90 values (&gt;500 \u03bcg\/mL). As antioxidants, treatment with extracts executed high and moderate antioxidant activities within the range of 50\u2013300 \u03bcg\/mL. Extracts did not decrease the viability of A. salina, but they exerted a high toxic effect against C. elegans during exposure to treatment. Through in silico modeling, it was recorded that the flavonoids contained in the methanol extract can hamper the interaction of the NAM\/NAG peptide, which is of great interest since it determines the formation of the peptide wall of gram-positive bacteria. This study reports for the first time the biological activities and phytochemical content of extracts from K. tomentosa and proposes a possible antibacterial mechanism of glycosidic derivatives of flavonoids against gram-positive bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17081051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T05:19:38Z","timestamp":1723439978000},"page":"1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Kalanchoe tomentosa: Phytochemical Profiling, and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Mej\u00eda-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Edafolog\u00eda, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carr. M\u00e9xico Texcoco km 36.4, Montecillo 56230, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3666-0855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gildardo","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Ante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7021-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulianna","family":"Minutti-Calva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7750-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Sch\u00fcrenk\u00e4mper-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6810-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego E.","family":"Navarro-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-1625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo E.","family":"Buend\u00eda-Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3193-897X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma. del Carmen \u00c1ngeles","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Edafolog\u00eda, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carr. M\u00e9xico Texcoco km 36.4, Montecillo 56230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2690-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Lizeth","family":"S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Daniel","family":"Lozada-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8709-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Arreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar R.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Zapopan 45121, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-023-01850-3","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Emerging Airborne Viral Infectious Diseases Outbreaks on a Global Scale","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenthal, V.D., Yin, R., Nercelles, P., Rivera-Molina, S.E., Jyoti, S., Dongol, R., Aguilar-De-Moros, D., Tumu, N., Alarcon-Rua, J., and Stagnaro, J.P. (2024). International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Report of Health Care Associated Infections, Data Summary of 45 Countries for 2015 to 2020, Adult and Pediatric Units, Device-Associated Module. Am. J. Infect. Control, in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.12.019"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphys.2024.100129","article-title":"Effects of Aerobic Exercise during Recovery from Eccentric Contraction on Muscular Performance, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation","volume":"7","author":"Boeira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiselko, A.V., Misharina, E.V., Yarmolinskaya, M.I., Milyutina, Y.P., Zalozniaia, I.V., and Korenevsky, A.V. (2024). Evaluation of Folliculogenesis and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Women with Different Glycemic Profiles. Endocrine, online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-024-03805-4"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S445053","article-title":"Actives from the Micro-Immunotherapy Medicine 2LMIREG\u00ae Reduce the Expression of Cytokines and Immune-Related Markers Including Interleukin-2 and HLA-II While Modulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function","volume":"17","author":"Jacques","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169513","article-title":"Association of Co-Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalates with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation","volume":"912","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.004","article-title":"Effects of Increased Nitrate Intake from Beetroot Juice on Blood Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Older Adults with Hypertension","volume":"222","author":"Fejes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lian, T., Zhang, W., Li, D., Guo, P., He, M., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Guan, H., Zhang, W., and Luo, D. (2024). Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Anxiety: Clinical Characteristics and Their Correlation with Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Pathological Proteins. BMC Geriatr., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04854-0"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01906-4","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Type 2 Diabetes: The Development and the Pathogenesis, Jordanian Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"29","author":"Bataineh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01398-5","article-title":"Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Cellular Communication and Signaling Pathways in Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Iqbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/10496475.2023.2267467","article-title":"Green Extraction, Phytochemical Profiling, and Biological Evaluation of Dysphania ambrosioides: An In Silico and In Vitro Medicinal Investigation","volume":"30","author":"Paudel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.117914","article-title":"Bioactivity, Phytochemistry Studies and Subacute In Vivo Toxicity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of White Mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) in Female Mice","volume":"325","author":"Fauzi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, F., Ahmed, A., Shakeel, A., Hussain, H.A., and Raza, S.A. (2024). The Efficacy of Linum Usitatissimum Seeds to Inhibit Estrogen Receptor as a Natural Therapy for PCOS: An In Silico and In Vitro Analysis. Cell Biochem. Funct., 42.","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3897"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-023-04499-6","article-title":"Toxicity, Pharmacokinetic Profile, and Compound-Protein Interaction Study of Polygonum minus Huds Extract","volume":"196","author":"Qader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"1934578X241230822","article-title":"Seasonal Variations in the Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activities of Wild Lavandula dentata L.","volume":"19","author":"Labhar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kan, J., Zhang, S., Wu, Z., and Bi, D. (2024). Exploring Plastomic Resources in Sempervivum (Crassulaceae): Implications for Phylogenetics. Genes, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15040441"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/jse.13003","article-title":"Plastomic Data Shed New Light on the Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Character Evolution of the Family Crassulaceae","volume":"61","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Syst. Evol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nascimento, L.B.d.S., Casanova, L.M., and Costa, S.S. (2023). Bioactive Compounds from Kalanchoe Genus Potentially Useful for the Development of New Drugs. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13030646"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assis de Andrade, E., Machinski, I., Terso Ventura, A.C., Barr, S.A., Pereira, A.V., Beltrame, F.L., Strangman, W.K., and Williamson, R.T. (2023). A Review of the Popular Uses, Anatomical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): A Genus of Plants Known as \u201cMiracle Leaf\u201d. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1459.v1"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramon, P., Bergmann, D., Abdulla, H., Sparks, J., and Omoruyi, F. (2023). Bioactive Ingredients in K. Pinnata Extract and Synergistic Effects of Combined K. pinnata and Metformin Preparations on Antioxidant Activities in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076211"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanowicz-Hajduk, J., Hering, A., Kowalczyk, M., Ha\u0142asa, R., Gucwa, M., and Ochocka, J.R. (2023). Kalanchoe sp. Extracts\u2014Phytochemistry, Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12122268"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.09.041","article-title":"Flavonoids in Flowers of 16 Kalancho\u00eb blossfeldiana Varieties","volume":"66","author":"Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1350646","article-title":"Cardenolides and Bufadienolide Glycosides from Kalanchoe tubiflora and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity","volume":"79","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5207","DOI":"10.1021\/ol061873m","article-title":"Kalanchosides A\u2013C, New Cytotoxic Bufadienolides from the Aerial Parts of Kalanchoe Gracilis","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.2985\/015.081.0601","article-title":"Kalanchoe","volume":"81","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cactus Succul. J."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vargas, A., Herrera, I., Nualart, N., Gu\u00e9zou, A., G\u00f3mez-Bellver, C., Freire, E., Jaramillo D\u00edaz, P., and L\u00f3pez-Pujol, J. (2022). The Genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) in Ecuador: From Gardens to the Wild. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11131746"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2022.602.607","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of \u03b2-Sitosterol Isolated from Kalanchoe Tomentosa Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia","volume":"25","author":"Anwar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Saleh1, M.M., Ghoneim1, M.M., Kottb1, S., and El-Hela1, A.A. (2014). Biologically active secondary metabolites from kalanchoe tomentosa. J. Biomed. Pharm. Res., 3, 136\u2013140."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.14710\/jksa.23.3.96-101","article-title":"\u03b1-Amylase Inhibition Activities by Flavonoid Compounds from Panda Plants (Kalanchoe tomentosa)","volume":"23","author":"Aisyah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Kim. Sains Apl."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9245951","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9245951","article-title":"Kalanchoe brasiliensis Cambess., a Promising Natural Source of Antioxidant and Antibiotic Agents against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens for the Treatment of Salmonella Gastroenteritis","volume":"2019","author":"Mayorga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mej\u00eda-M\u00e9ndez, J.L., Bach, H., Lorenzo-Leal, A.C., Navarro-L\u00f3pez, D.E., L\u00f3pez-Mena, E.R., Hern\u00e1ndez, L.R., and S\u00e1nchez-Arreola, E. (2023). Biological Activities and Chemical Profiles of Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Extracts. Plants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12101943"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27297","article-title":"Phytochemical Analysis, GC-MS Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Hordeum vulgare Seed Extracts","volume":"10","author":"Farooqi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Quispe, C., Sharifi-Rad, J., Cruz-Martins, N., Nigam, M., Mishra, A.P., Konovalov, D.A., Orobinskaya, V., Abu-Reidah, I.M., and Zam, W. (2021). Phytosterols: From Preclinical Evidence to Potential Clinical Applications. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.599959"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8741(91)90168-D","article-title":"Studies on the Anti-Ulcer Activity of a Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Extract in Experimental Animals","volume":"33","author":"Pal","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bishayee, A., Ahmed, S., Brankov, N., and Perloff, M. (2011). Triterpenoids as Potential Agents for the Chemoprevention and Therapy of Breast Cancer. Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.), 16.","DOI":"10.2741\/3730"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.8b00176","article-title":"Productive Amyrin Synthases for Efficient \u03b1-Amyrin Synthesis in Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12402","article-title":"Pharmacological Effects of the Isomeric Mixture of Alpha and Beta Amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum: A Literature Review","volume":"33","author":"Nogueira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)97999-8","article-title":"Triterpenoids and Phenanthrenes from Leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum","volume":"28","author":"Siddiqui","year":"1989","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1995-5-617","article-title":"Notes: On the Chemical Nature of Epicuticular Waxes in Some Succulent Kalanchoe and Senecio Species","volume":"50","author":"Siems","year":"1995","journal-title":"Z. Naturforschung C"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saini, R.K., Prasad, P., Lokesh, V., Shang, X., Shin, J., Keum, Y.-S., and Lee, J.-H. (2022). Carotenoids: Dietary Sources, Extraction, Encapsulation, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits\u2014A Review of Recent Advancements. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040795"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41342-6_7","article-title":"Lupeol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases","volume":"929","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.04.033","article-title":"Lupeol, A Novel Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Dietary Triterpene","volume":"285","author":"Saleem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.04.019","article-title":"Beneficial Health Effects of Lupenone Triterpene: A Review","volume":"103","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5429","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c06800","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of a Secondary Metabolite Profile from Roots and Leaves of Iostephane heterophylla by UPLC-MS and GC-MS","volume":"9","author":"Bandyopadhyay","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4047-3","article-title":"Bioactive Molecules in Kalanchoe pinnata Leaves: Extraction, Purification, and Identification","volume":"398","author":"Destandau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villarreal Romero, W.L., Robles Camargo, J.E., and Costa, G.M. (2023). Phytochemical Standardization of an Extract Rich in Flavonoids from Flowers of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam) Pers. Sci. Pharm., 91.","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm91040050"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-023-02458-9","article-title":"Ultra-Fast Determination of Free Carotenoids in Fruit Juices by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC): Method Validation and Characterization of Brazilian Whole Fruit Juices","volume":"16","author":"Pimentel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2021.102085","article-title":"Phytochemical Investigations, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiabetic and Antibiofilm Activities of Kalanchoe laxiflora Flowers","volume":"49","author":"Osman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6340757","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6340757","article-title":"Potential Therapeutic Effects of Underground Parts of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia","volume":"2019","author":"Palumbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M., Hassan, M., Ansari, S.A., Alkahtani, H.M., Al-Rasheed, L.S., and Ansari, S.A. (2024). Quercetin and Kaempferol as Multi-Targeting Antidiabetic Agents against Mouse Model of Chemically Induced Type 2 Diabetes. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17060757"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176400","article-title":"3,3\u2032-O-Dimethylquercetin: A Bi-Functional Vasodilator Isolated from Green Propolis of the Caatinga Mimosa tenuiflora","volume":"967","author":"Son","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2024.101920","article-title":"Apigenin Enhances Sorafenib Anti-Tumour Efficacy in Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiesh, B.M., Natsheh, M., Amar, M., AbuTaha, S., Qadi, M., AbuTaha, A., Sabateen, A., and Zyoud, S.H. (2024). Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Healthcare-Acquired Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53596-x"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oyardi, O., Yilmaz, F.N., and Dosler, S. (2024). Efficacy of Zoliflodacin, a Spiropyrimidinetrione Antibiotic, against Gram-Negative Pathogens. Curr. Microbiol., 81.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-024-03761-2"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sohrabi, M., Pirbonyeh, N., Alizade Naini, M., Rasekhi, A., Ayoub, A., Hashemizadeh, Z., and Shahcheraghi, F. (2024). A Challenging Case of Carbapenem Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae-Related Pyogenic Liver Abscess with Capsular Polysaccharide Hyperproduction: A Case Report. BMC Infect. Dis., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09314-z"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, M.I., Gonz\u00e1lez-Arjona, M., Cuss\u00f3, L., Morcillo, M.\u00c1., Aguilera-Correa, J.J., Esteban, J., Kestler, M., Calle, D., Cer\u00f3n, C., and Cortes-Canteli, M. (2024). In Vivo Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Infections Using Radiolabeled Antibodies Specific for Bacterial Toxins. Int. J. Biomed. Imaging, 2024.","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3655327"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48317","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07676","article-title":"Anti-Infective Efficacy of Duloxetine against Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Periyasami","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.143","article-title":"Bufadienolides from Kalanchoe daigremontiana Modulate the Enzymatic Activity of Plasmin\u2014In Vitro and in Silico Analyses","volume":"120","author":"Ponczek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imu.2019.01.002","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity Screening of Kalanchoe pinnata Methanol Extract and Its Validation Using a Computational Simulation Approach","volume":"14","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inform. Med. Unlocked"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Souza, L., da Silva Oliveira, J.P., da Silva Fernandes, A., Macedo, A.F., Araujo-Lima, C.F., and Felzenszwalb, I. (2024). UHPLC-MS Metabolomic Profile and in Silico Pharmacokinetic Approach of Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier Aqueous Extracts. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 238.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2023.115827"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratap Singh, R., and Pattnaik, A.K. (2024). Elucidating the Anti-Obesity Potential of Bioactive Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Leaves Extract Using a Combination of In Vitro, In Vivo and in Silico Methods along with Characterisation of Lead Compounds through an HPTLC MS-MSn Analytical Study. Nat. Prod. Res., 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2024.2344183"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2023.12.019","article-title":"Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of the Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats","volume":"137","author":"Amalraj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismaila, M.S., Sanusi, K.O., Iliyasu, U., Imam, M.U., Georges, K., Sundaram, V., and Jones, K.R. (2024). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Quail Yolk Oil via Upregulation of Superoxide Dismutase 1 and Catalase Genes and Downregulation of EIGER and Unpaired 2 Genes in a D. Melanogaster Model. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010075"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2024.05.011","article-title":"Optimization of Parkinson\u2019s Disease Therapy with Plant Extracts and Nutrition\u2019s Evolving Roles","volume":"17","author":"Abolarin","year":"2024","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1934578X241232778","article-title":"Evaluation of Saudi Juniperus procera Extracts Cytotoxicity and Regulatory Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis against Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines","volume":"19","author":"Ibraheem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"100064","article-title":"HPLC Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Evaluation of Inhibitory Effects of Terminalia catappa Stem Bark Extract on Enzymes Linked to Diabetes, Hypertensive Vasoconstriction and Erectile Dysfunction","volume":"4","author":"Ogbu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM02107F","article-title":"Enhancing Antioxidant Properties of CeO2 Nanoparticles with Nd3+ Doping: Structural, Biological, and Machine Learning Insights","volume":"12","author":"Tiwari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2016.01.037","article-title":"Phenolic Acid Content, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Four Kalancho\u00eb Species","volume":"25","author":"Zidorn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanowicz-Hajduk, J., Hering, A., Gucwa, M., Sztormowska-Achranowicz, K., Kowalczyk, M., Soluch, A., and Ochocka, J.R. (2022). An In Vitro Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Phytochemical Study on Water Extract of Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet and H. Perrier. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27072280"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2018.3.82","article-title":"Inhibitory Effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken Leaf Extract and Their Fractions on \u03b1-Amylase, \u03b1-Glucosidase and Cholinesterase Enzyme","volume":"10","author":"Olaiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. J."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.117118","article-title":"In Vitro Biofilm Inhibition Efficacy of Aerva lanata Flower Extract against Gram Negative and Gram-Positive Biofilm Forming Bacteria and Toxicity Analysis Using Artemia salina","volume":"238","author":"Brindhadevi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-024-00686-3","article-title":"Exploring Caenorhabditis Elegans as Parkinson\u2019s Disease Model: Neurotoxins and Genetic Implications","volume":"42","author":"Fernandes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96290","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29193-2","article-title":"Determining the Toxicity of Organic Compounds to the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Based on Aqueous Concentrations","volume":"30","author":"Sanders","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/8\/1051\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:34:17Z","timestamp":1760110457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/8\/1051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ph17081051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17081051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]}}}