{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:18:29Z","timestamp":1792289909814,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major problem in terms of therapeutic options, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as patients from intensive care units (ICUs), HIV-positive patients, patients with malignancies or transplant patients. Commensal bacteria, especially anaerobes, serve to maintain microbial stability by preventing overpopulation with pathogenic bacteria. In immunocompromised patients, microbiota imbalance caused by antibiotic therapy and decreased host immunity favors intestinal overpopulation with pathogenic species, leading to increased bacterial translocation and susceptibility to systemic infections. Infections with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose major challenges to the establishment of appropriate treatment and lead to increased mortality. Asymptomatic colonization with MDR bacteria usually precedes infection and tends to persist for long periods of time, and in immunocompromised patients, colonization with MDR bacteria is a risk factor for systemic infections. This review aims to assess the relation between colonization and infection with MDR bacteria in immunocompromised patients such as ICU patients, HIV-positive patients and cancer patients and to identify the prevalence and patterns of MDR bacterial colonization and infection in this category of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17091151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T10:54:11Z","timestamp":1725015251000},"page":"1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Immunocompromised Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6076-7818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Duhaniuc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity\u2014Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Public Health\u2014Regional Center of Public Health, 700465 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"P\u0103duraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cDr. C.I. Parhon\u201d Clinical Hospital, 700503 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6970-0097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard-Vasile","family":"Nastase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II\u2014Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases \u201cSf. Parascheva\u201d, 700116 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8551-3053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia","family":"Trofin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity\u2014Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2592-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lumini\u021ba-Smaranda","family":"Iancu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity\u2014Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Public Health\u2014Regional Center of Public Health, 700465 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina-Mihaela","family":"Sima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity\u2014Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases \u201cSf. Parascheva\u201d, 700116 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7720-4499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia-Simona","family":"Dorneanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity\u2014Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases \u201cSf. Parascheva\u201d, 700116 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","article-title":"Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: The WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis","volume":"18","author":"Tacconelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide Research, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2022). 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