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The efficacy of existing therapies for OI is limited, and they are associated with potentially harmful side effects. OI is primarily due to a mutation of collagen type I and hence impairs bone regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is an attractive strategy to take advantage of the potential benefits of these multipotent stem cells to address the underlying molecular defects of OI by differentiating osteoblasts, paracrine effects, or immunomodulation. The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is an essential component for improving the curative efficacy of MSCs in OI by affecting the differentiation, signaling, and immunomodulatory functions of MSCs. In this review, we highlight the MSC-based therapy pathway in OI and introduce the MSC regulation mechanism by mitochondrial homeostasis. Strategies aiming to modulate the metabolism and reduce the oxidative stress, as well as innovative strategies based on the use of compounds (resveratrol, NAD+, \u03b1-KG), antioxidants, and nanomaterials, are analyzed. These findings may enable the development of new strategies for the treatment of OI, ultimately resulting in improved patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17101297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T03:12:28Z","timestamp":1727665948000},"page":"1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy\u2014Potential Implications in the Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Qingling","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing 401147, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiming","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing 401147, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing 401147, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-020-00101-9","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta-pathophysiology and therapeutic options","volume":"7","author":"Etich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. 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