{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:00:32Z","timestamp":1770746432459,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health at the National Eye Institute","award":["1R15EY022215-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15EY022215-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We have evidence that hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing compounds can reduce intraocular pressure in normotensive and glaucomatous rabbits by increasing the aqueous humor (AH) outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Since H2S has been reported to possess neuroprotective actions, the prevention of retinal ganglion cell loss is an important strategy in the pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective actions of H2S-releasing compounds against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in an isolated bovine retina. Materials and Methods: The isolated neural retinae were pretreated with a substrate for H2S biosynthesis called L-cysteine, with the fast H2S-releasing compound sodium hydrosulfide, and with a mitochondrial-targeting H2S-releasing compound, AP123, for thirty minutes before a 30-min oxidative insult with H2O2 (100 \u00b5M). Lipid peroxidation was assessed via an enzyme immunoassay by measuring the stable oxidative stress marker, 8-epi PGF2\u03b1 (8-isoprostane), levels in the retinal tissues. To determine the role of endogenous H2S, studies were performed using the following biosynthesis enzyme inhibitors: aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 30 \u00b5M); a cystathione-\u03b2-synthase\/cystathionine-\u03b3-lyase (CBS\/CSE) inhibitor, \u03b1\u2013ketobutyric acid (KBA, 1 mM); and a 3-mercaptopyruvate-s-sulfurtransferase (3-MST) inhibitor, in the absence and presence of H2S-releasing compounds. Results: Exposure of the isolated retinas to H2O2 produced a time-dependent (10\u201340 min) and concentration-dependent (30\u2013300 \u00b5M) increase in the 8-isoprostane levels when compared to the untreated tissues. L-cysteine (10 nM\u20131 \u00b5M) and NaHS (30 \u2013100 \u00b5M) significantly (p &lt; 0.001; n = 12) prevented H2O2-induced oxidative damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, AP123 (100 nM\u20131 \u00b5M) attenuated oxidative H2O2 damage resulted in an approximated 60% reduction in 8-isoprostane levels compared to the tissues treated with H2O2 alone. While AOAA (30 \u00b5M) and KBA (1 mM) did not affect the L-cysteine evoked attenuation of H2O2-induced oxidative stress, KBA reversed the antioxidant responses caused by AP123. Conclusions: In conclusion, various forms of H2S-releasing compounds and the substrate, L-cysteine, can prevent H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation in an isolated bovine retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17101311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T05:26:33Z","timestamp":1727760393000},"page":"1311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuroprotective Actions of Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Compounds in Isolated Bovine Retinae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3882-3793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leah","family":"Bush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenaye","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthonia","family":"Okolie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Muili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Opere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Whiteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School, St. Luke\u2019s Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunny E.","family":"Ohia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1036-7266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya Fatou","family":"Njie Mbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2015.24.4.325","article-title":"The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. 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