{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:27:45Z","timestamp":1760146065077,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center","award":["MOHW113-TDU-B-212-114009","DMR-111-105","DMR-112-087","DMR-113-009","DMR-113-156","CMU112-S-04","CMUHCH-CMU-113-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW113-TDU-B-212-114009","DMR-111-105","DMR-112-087","DMR-113-009","DMR-113-156","CMU112-S-04","CMUHCH-CMU-113-002"]}]},{"name":"China Medical University Hospital","award":["MOHW113-TDU-B-212-114009","DMR-111-105","DMR-112-087","DMR-113-009","DMR-113-156","CMU112-S-04","CMUHCH-CMU-113-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW113-TDU-B-212-114009","DMR-111-105","DMR-112-087","DMR-113-009","DMR-113-156","CMU112-S-04","CMUHCH-CMU-113-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Scabies is typically treated with scabicides like lindane, which poses a risk for acute neural toxicity. Lindane\u2019s prolonged use, particularly in agriculture, is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. This study aimed to evaluate whether scabies patients, particularly those treated with topical lindane, are at increased risk of developing PD. Methods: A nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan\u2019s National Health Research Institutes claims database from 2000 to 2018. The study included 27,173 patients with scabies, matched to a control group, with both groups followed for up to 18 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of newly diagnosed PD, and the hazard ratio (HR) for PD was calculated, focusing on those treated with topical lindane. Results: Among the 54,346 patients, 1639 (3.0%) were newly diagnosed with PD, with 993 (60.6%) from the scabies group and 646 (39.4%) from the control group. Scabies patients had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.46 (95% CI 1.32\u20131.63) for developing PD compared to controls. However, patients treated with topical lindane had a significantly lower aHR for PD at 0.15 (95% CI 0.12\u20130.19; p &lt; 0.001), with a lower cumulative incidence of PD also observed in this group (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Scabies patients are at a 1.46-fold increased risk of developing PD, but those treated with lindane exhibit a significantly lower risk, suggesting potential protective effects of lindane against PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17101342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:01:54Z","timestamp":1728388914000},"page":"1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between Scabies Treatment and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4410-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kao-Sung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, and Medical Research, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Applied Cosmetology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Kuei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, and Medical Research, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0887-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao-Hong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Yuan\u2019s General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-245X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuu-Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, and Medical Research, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6333-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, and Medical Research, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2808-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huey-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, and Medical Research, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1187-5494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng-Jun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, and Medical Research, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9926-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Million-Person Precision Medicine Initiative, Departments of Dermatology, Neurology, Medical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Urology, and Medical Research, Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen-Chih","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiology, Medical Research, Division of Family Medicine, Physical Examination Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6618-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kee-Ming","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiology, Medical Research, Division of Family Medicine, Physical Examination Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, College of Medical Technology and Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Yi","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"},{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiology, Medical Research, Division of Family Medicine, Physical Examination Center, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-5113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Hsiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, 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