{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T19:05:03Z","timestamp":1778353503391,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) causes vision impairment and significant vision loss. Portable optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to enhance the accessibility and frequency of DME screening, facilitating early diagnosis and continuous monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a portable OCT device (ACT100) in assessing DME compared with a traditional stationary OCT device (Cirrus 5000 HD-OCT plus). Methods: This prospective clinical investigation included 40 eyes of 33 patients with DME. Participants with significant refractive errors (myopia &gt; \u22126.0 diopters or hyperopia &gt; +3.0 diopters), vitreous hemorrhage, tractional retinal detachment, or other ocular diseases affecting imaging were excluded. Spectral-domain OCT was performed by a single examiner using both devices to capture macular volume scans under mydriasis. Central macular thickness (CMT) was evaluated using the analysis software for each device: Cirrus used version 6.0.4, and ACT100 used version V20. We analyzed inter-evaluator and inter-instrument agreements for qualitative assessments of the intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and epiretinal membrane (ERM) using Cohen\u2019s kappa coefficient, whereas quantitative CMT assessments were correlated using Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficient. Results: Substantial inter-evaluator agreement for IRF\/SRF (\u03ba = 0.801) and ERM (\u03ba = 0.688) with ACT100 and inter-instrument agreement (\u03ba = 0.756 for IRF\/SRF, \u03ba = 0.684 for ERM) were observed. CMT values measured using ACT100 were on average 29.6 \u03bcm lower than that of Cirrus (285.8 \u00b1 56.6 vs. 315.4 \u00b1 84.7 \u03bcm, p &lt; 0.0001) but showed a strong correlation (R = 0.76, p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: ACT100 portable OCT demonstrated high reliability for DME evaluations, comparable to that of stationary systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17101357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T08:10:16Z","timestamp":1728634216000},"page":"1357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of the Reproducibility of Portable Optical Coherence Tomography in Diabetic Macular Edema"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Chiku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3601-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takao","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Hoshiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40662-015-0026-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema and related vision loss","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye Vis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.03.024","article-title":"Diabetic Macular Edema: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapeutic Targets","volume":"122","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000362372","article-title":"Detection of fovea-threatening diabetic macular edema by optical coherence tomography to maintain good vision by prophylactic treatment","volume":"52","author":"Hirano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-016-0425-5","article-title":"Effect of leaking capillaries and microaneurysms in the perifoveal capillary network on resolution of macular edema by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment","volume":"60","author":"Iesato","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jpn. 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BMC Ophthalmol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0842-y"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/10\/1357\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:11:10Z","timestamp":1760112670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/17\/10\/1357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ph17101357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph17101357","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]}}}