{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:26:37Z","timestamp":1791905197494,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013129","name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-00167156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-00167156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Probiotics, which are live microorganisms that, when given in sufficient quantities, promote the host\u2019s health, have drawn a lot of interest for their ability to enhance gut health. Enterococcus faecalis, a member of the human gut microbiota, has shown promise as a probiotic candidate due to its functional attributes. However, safety concerns associated with certain strains warrant comprehensive evaluation before therapeutic application. Materials and Methods: In this study, E. faecalis EF-2001, originally isolated from fecal samples of a healthy human infant, was subjected to a multi-faceted assessment for its safety and probiotic potential. In silico analysis, CAZyme, biosynthetic, and stress-responsive proteins were identified. Results: The genome lacked biogenic amine genes but contained some essential amino acid and vitamin synthetic genes, and carbohydrate-related enzymes essential for probiotic properties. The negligible difference of 0.03% between the 1st and 25th generations indicates that the genetic information of the E. faecalis EF-2001 genome remained stable. The live E. faecalis EF-2001 (E. faecalis EF-2001L) demonstrated low or no virulence potential, minimal D-Lactate production, and susceptibility to most antibiotics except some aminoglycosides. No bile salt deconjugation or biogenic amine production was observed in an in vitro assay. Hemolytic activity assessment showed a \u03b3-hemolytic pattern, indicating no red blood cell lysis. Furthermore, the EF-2001L did not produce gelatinase and tolerated simulated gastric and intestinal fluids in an in vitro study. Similarly, heat-killed E. faecalis EF-2001 (E. faecalis EF-2001HK) exhibits tolerance in both acid and base conditions in vitro. Further, no cytotoxicity of postbiotic EF-2001HK was observed in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. Conclusions: These potential properties suggest that probiotic and postbiotic E. faecalis EF-2001 could be considered safe and retain metabolic activity suitable for human consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17101383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T08:56:32Z","timestamp":1729155392000},"page":"1383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Probiotic and Postbiotic Potentials of Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001: A Safety Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kwon","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Dong","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yura","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunhwa","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunjung","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youn","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1697-3232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tack-Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjith","family":"Manoharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Bereum Co., Ltd., Wonju 26361, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latif, A., Shehzad, A., Niazi, S., Zahid, A., Ashraf, W., Iqbal, M.W., Rehman, A., Riaz, T., Aadil, R.M., and Khan, I.M. 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