{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:15:24Z","timestamp":1790194524065,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00210067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00210067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1F1A1073419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1F1A1073419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A2C2005916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C2005916"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive and rare cancer with a poor prognosis, and traditional therapies have limited efficacy. This study investigates drug repositioning, focusing on auranofin, a gold-based drug originally used for rheumatoid arthritis, as a potential treatment for ATC. Methods: Auranofin was identified from an FDA-approved drug library and tested on two thyroid cancer cell lines, 8505C and FRO. Antitumor efficacy was evaluated through gene and protein expression analysis using Western blot, FACS, and mRNA sequencing. In vivo experiments were conducted using subcutaneous injections in nude mice to confirm the anticancer effects of auranofin. Results: Auranofin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, leading to a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability, G1\/S phase cell cycle arrest, and altered expression of regulatory proteins. It also inhibited cancer stem cell activity and suppressed epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition. mRNA sequencing revealed significant changes in the extracellular matrix\u2013receptor interaction pathway, supported by Western blot results. In vivo xenograft models demonstrated strong antitumor activity. Conclusions: Auranofin shows promise as a repurposed therapeutic agent for ATC, effectively inhibiting cell proliferation, reducing metastasis, and promoting apoptosis. These findings suggest that auranofin could play a key role in future ATC treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17101394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T03:57:09Z","timestamp":1729483029000},"page":"1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Auranofin as a Novel Anticancer Drug for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Seung-Chan","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak Hoon","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyeong Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 100, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10444, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issac","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjeong","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soonchul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"SL Bio, Inc., 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si 11160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5359-715X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Ju","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"SL Bio, Inc., 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si 11160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008322002520","article-title":"Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Current diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Giuffrida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. 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