{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:08:30Z","timestamp":1790046510835,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]],"date-time":"2024-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and evaluation of Graduate Studies (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Skin injury affects the integrity of the skin structure and induces the wound healing process, which is defined by a well-coordinated series of cellular and molecular reactions that aim to recover or replace the injured tissue. Hydrogels are a group of promising biomaterials that are able to incorporate active ingredients for use as dressings. This study aimed to synthesize hydrogels with and without propolis extract and evaluate their physical characteristics and biological activities in vitro for potential use as active dressings in the treatment of skin lesions. Methods: The antifungal [Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis)] and antibacterial [Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosas (P. aeruginosas) and Escherichia coli (E. coli)] activity was assessed by the microdilution method in plates and antioxidant potential by the reduction of the phosphomolybdate complex. Results: The hydrogels showed good water absorption capacity, high solubility, and high gel fraction, as well as good porosity, water retention, and vapor transmission rates. They revealed a totally amorphous structure. The extract and the hydrogels containing the propolis extract (1.0% and 2.5%) did not inhibit fungal growth. However, they showed antibacterial activity against strains of S. aureus and P. aeruginosas. Regarding the E. coli strain, only the extract inhibited its growth. It showed good antioxidant activity by the evaluation method used. Conclusions: Therefore, the hydrogels containing propolis extract can be a promising alternative with antibacterial and antioxidant action for use as dressings for the treatment of skin lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17101400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T03:57:09Z","timestamp":1729483029000},"page":"1400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hydrogel Containing Propolis: Physical Characterization and Evaluation of Biological Activities for Potential Use in the Treatment of Skin Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindalva Maria de Meneses Costa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Belem 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naila Ferreira da","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Belem 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desire\u00e9 Gyles","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Jamaica, 237 Old Hope Road, Kinston 6, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Fagundes da","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Belem 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3961-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio Guedes","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Belem 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ot\u00e1vio Carr\u00e9ra","family":"Silva-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cosmetic R&D Laboratory, Department Pharmaceutical, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Belem 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1480-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27\/A, 43124 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roseane Maria","family":"Ribeiro-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Belem 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Permyakova, E.S., Solovieva, A.O., Sitnikova, N., Kiryukhantsev-Korneev, P.V., Kutzhanov, M.K., Sheveyko, A.N., Ignatov, S.G., Slukin, P.V., Shtansky, D.V., and Manakhov, A.M. 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