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These NPs are used in food packaging materials, self-cleaning glass, ceramics, deodorants, sunscreens, paints, coatings, ointments, lotions, and as preservatives. This study explored the biological potential of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using H. rariflorum. Methods: In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus solani were determined. Antioxidant activity was explored using the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vivo analgesic, antipyretic and sedative potential of synthesized nanoparticles was investigated using a mouse model. Results: SEM with various magnification powers showed that some particles were spherical while some were aggregated, flake-shaped, and hexagonal with rough and irregular surfaces. The EDX analysis revealed Zn (12.63%), O (22.83%) and C (63.11%) with trace quantities of Si (0.40%), Ca (0.54%) and P (0.49%). The XRD pattern indicated an amorphous state, with no peaks observed throughout the spectrum. The UV\u2013visible spectrophotometry revealed a characteristic absorption peak at 375 nm, indicating the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) displayed several small peaks between 1793 and 2370 cm\u22121, providing evidence of the presence of different kinds of organic compounds with different functional groups. ZnO-NPs showed dose-dependent antibacterial and antifungal potential against all strains. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were the most susceptible strains. The nanoparticles exhibited a maximum antioxidant effect of 85.28% at 100 \u03bcg\/mL. In this study, the acute toxicity test showed no mortality, and normal behavior was observed in mice at ZnO-NP doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg\/kg. For analgesic and antipyretic activities, a two-way ANOVA revealed that dose, time, and the interaction between dose and time were significant. In contrast, the samples had a non-significant effect on sedative activity. Conclusions: This innovative study suggests a potential use of plant resources for managing microbes and treating various diseases, providing a scientific basis for the traditional use of H. rariflorum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17111457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T06:55:37Z","timestamp":1730357737000},"page":"1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Green Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Noor Ul","family":"Uza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Dastagir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Tanveer","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Khyber Pakthunkhwa, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5708-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elitsa","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Spectroscopy Department, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8518-3130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aftab","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud F.","family":"Seleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-1506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"\u010cern\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silviculture, Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Na Oliv\u011b 550, 517 73 Opo\u010dno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chnaes.2021.03.009","article-title":"A comprehensive review on distribution, paharmacological uses and biological activities of Argyrolobium roseum (Cambess.) Jaub. & Spach","volume":"42","author":"Abidullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Ecol. 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