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In traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, and traditional Arabic medicine, myrrh is regarded as an important medicinal material, widely used in the treatment of trauma, arthritis, hyperlipidemia, and other diseases. This review explores the evolving scientific understanding of the genus Commiphora, covering facets of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, artificial cultivation, and quality control. In particular, the chemical constituents and pharmacological research are reviewed. More than 300 types of secondary metabolites have been identified through phytochemical studies of this genus. Guggulsterone is a bioactive steroid isolated mainly from Commiphora mukul. The two isomers, Z- and E-guggulsterone, have shown a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects, including anti-proliferation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. However, the current scientific research on quality control of medicinal materials and identification of original plants is insufficient, which limits the reproducibility and accuracy of biological activity evaluation experiments. Therefore, the establishment of analytical protocols and standardization of extracts is an important step before biological evaluation. At the same time, in order to find more bioactive substances, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the stems, barks, and leaves of this genus. The sources used in this study include PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other databases, as well as multinational pharmacopoeias, ancient books of traditional medicine, herbal classics, and modern monographs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17111524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T06:28:32Z","timestamp":1731392912000},"page":"1524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Genus Commiphora: An Overview of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yujia","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuhang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhe","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinquan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01615","article-title":"Ecological studies of Commiphora genus (myrrha) in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Alsherif","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"93","article-title":"Ecological Phytogeography: A Case Study of Commiphora Species","volume":"2","author":"Soromessa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Star J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107243","article-title":"Exotic medicinal plants from the Silk Road promote the diversification of traditional Chinese medicines","volume":"205","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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