{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:41:00Z","timestamp":1784907660945,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology\u2014FCT","award":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04567\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology\u2014FCT","award":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04567\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, and oxidative imbalances. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementations with \u2018Arinto\u2019 grape pomace flour (GPF) (WGPF) and \u2018Touriga Nacional\u2019 GPF (RGPF) in an animal model of T2DM. Methods: T2DM was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 28 days and a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg\/kg) on the 21st day. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control (CT), T2DM, T2DM + Metformin (250 mg\/kg), T2DM + 10% \u2018Arinto\u2019 GPF (WGPF), and T2DM + 10% \u2018Touriga Nacional\u2019 GPF (RGPF). On the 21st day of the experimental protocol, animals were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test. An oral glucose tolerance test, oxidative stress parameters, biochemical analysis, and pancreas histological analyses were performed. Results: T2DM impaired glucose tolerance, elevated serum triglycerides and cholesterol, increased oxidative damage in the liver, and induced pancreatic histological abnormalities. However, supplementation with WGPF and RGPF demonstrated positive effects, mitigating glycemic and lipid disruptions, ameliorating oxidative stress, and protecting pancreatic Islets \u03b2-cells. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the protective effects of WGPF and RGPF in the adverse impacts of T2DM. Additionally, our study emphasizes the innovative use of grape pomace, a winemaking by-product, promoting sustainability by transforming waste into functional foods with significant health benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17111530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T04:15:49Z","timestamp":1731557749000},"page":"1530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sustainable Intervention: Grape Pomace Flour Ameliorates Fasting Glucose and Mitigates Streptozotocin-Induced Pancreatic Damage in a Type 2 Diabetes Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4247-2615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphaela Cassol","family":"Piccoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Sanabria","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solange Vega","family":"Cust\u00f3dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelen Cristiane Machado","family":"Goularte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7002-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina Pereira","family":"Luduvico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia Eisenhardt","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Avila","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Araujo","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleth\u00e9a Gatto","family":"Barschak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna Ferrary","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5198-9125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wellington de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Cap\u00e3o do Le\u00e3o, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6893-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Natural Resources and Environment (CERENA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"EPCV, School of Phycology and Life Science, Department of Live Sciences, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2490-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roselia Maria","family":"Spanevello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, S\/N, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francieli Moro","family":"Stefanello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, S\/N, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9806-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rejane Giacomelli","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduation Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, S\/N, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Science (CCQFA), Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Universit\u00e1rio, S\/N, Pelotas 96160-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1914-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria L\u00eddia","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"[IDF] International Diabetes Federation (2021). 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