{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:08:25Z","timestamp":1782101305286,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is widely used for treating various cancers and autoimmune diseases, but it causes damage to reproductive organs due to oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Boric acid (BA) has antioxidant properties that may help reduce OS, which is critical for preserving uterine functionality, particularly for cancer patients considering pregnancy after cryopreservation. This study aimed to determine whether BA could diminish CP-induced toxicity in the uterus and fallopian tubes (FT) using CP-induced toxicity in a rat model. Methods: Forty female Wistar rats, aged 18\u201320 weeks, were divided into four groups as follows: control, oral BA (OBR), CP, and CP plus OBR (CP + OBR). The toxicity was induced in the CP and CP + OBR groups with an initial dose of 200 mg\/kg CP, followed by 8 mg\/kg daily for 14 days. Rats in the OBR and CP + OBR groups received 20 mg\/kg\/day of BA. After the 16-day experiment, tissues were collected for analysis. Results: Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of IL-6 and HIF-1\u03b1 expressions were used to evaluate inflammation and OS. The control, OBR, and CP + OBR groups maintained normal tissue features, while the CP group showed epithelial cell shedding, vacuolization, degenerative endometrial glands, lymphocyte infiltration, and reduced collagen fiber density. Elevated HIF-1\u03b1 and IL-6 expressions in the uterus and FT indicated significant OS and inflammation. Conclusions: The study concluded that BA supplementation in CP-treated rats effectively reduced CP-induced uterine and FT damage, suggesting the potential protective role of BA in managing CP-associated toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17121716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T03:59:43Z","timestamp":1734580783000},"page":"1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Boric Acid Protects the Uterus and Fallopian Tubes from Cyclophosphamide-Induced Toxicity in a Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enes","family":"Karaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adem","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Cappadocia University, Nevsehir 50400, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khamis, T., Hegazy, A.A., El-Fatah, S.S.A., Abdelfattah, E.R., Abdelfattah, M.M.M., Fericean, L.M., and Arisha, A.H. 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