{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:31:27Z","timestamp":1788993087385,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean government (MSIT)","award":["2022M3A9E4084134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M3A9E4084134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Yeokwisan (YWS) is a standardised herbal formula for relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms. Methods: We explored the therapeutic value of YWS and its potential effects on gastritis. Its inhibitory effect on gastric mucosal damage and anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of alcohol- and restraint stress-induced gastritis were also examined. Gastric tissues of ICR mice treated with YWS (150 and 300 mg\/kg) or famotidine (5 mg\/kg) for 10 days were collected, and gastric lesions were quantified. The stomachs of C57BL\/6 mice treated with YWS (150 and 300 mg\/kg) or famotidine (5 mg\/kg) for 23 days were collected, and gastric lesions were quantified. Blood samples were analysed for inflammation related factors and gastroprotective effects. Results: YWS (300 mg\/kg) inhibited gastric damage by 42.33% in the EtOH-induced gastritis model and 75% in the restraint stress-induced gastritis model (compared to the control group). Pretreatment with YWS led to decreased levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and COX-2). YWS showed gastroprotective effects through histamine downregulation, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mucin were upregulated. The mRNA levels of H2R, M3R, CCK2R, and H+\/K+ ATPase were significantly decreased following treatment with YWS. Conclusions: YWS provides gastric protection through its anti-inflammatory properties, reduced histamine secretion, and enhanced release of mucosal defensive factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T10:32:26Z","timestamp":1735813946000},"page":"44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Yeokwisan: Standardised Herbal Formula Enhancing Gastric Mucosal Protection Against Gastric Ulcers in Mice, a Preclinical Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yun Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyuhyung","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8156-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Seob","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunjung","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, Campus of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, University of Science & Technology, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1711-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Seon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.04.007","article-title":"Evidence for gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Cordia dichotoma leaves on indomethacin and stress induced gastric lesions in Wistar rats","volume":"103","author":"Hatware","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. 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