{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:56:10Z","timestamp":1784652970303,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32100610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024A04J3386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A04J3386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","award":["32100610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100610"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project","award":["2024A04J3386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024A04J3386"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a structural and catalytic cofactor, copper is involved in many biological pathways and is required for the biochemistry of all living organisms. However, excess intracellular copper can induce cell death due to its potential to catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus copper homeostasis is strictly regulated. And the deficiency or accumulation of intracellular copper is connected with various pathological conditions. Since the success of platinum-based compounds in the clinical treatment of various types of neoplasias, metal-based drugs have shown encouraging perspectives for drug development. Compared to platinum, copper is an essential intracellular trace element that may have better prospects for drug development than platinum. Recently, the potential therapeutic role of copper-induced autophagy in chronic diseases such as Parkinson\u2019s, Wilson\u2019s, and cardiovascular disease has already been demonstrated. In brief, copper ions, numerous copper complexes, and copper-based nano-preparations could induce autophagy, a lysosome-dependent process that plays an important role in various human diseases. In this review, we not only focus on the current advances in elucidating the mechanisms of copper or copper-based compounds\/preparations on the regulation of autophagy but also outline the association between copper-induced autophagy and human diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18010099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T05:59:42Z","timestamp":1736920782000},"page":"99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mechanisms of Copper-Induced Autophagy and Links with Human Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5657-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.026","article-title":"Autophagy: Renovation of cells and tissues","volume":"147","author":"Mizushima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00585-z","article-title":"Autophagy and autophagy-related pathways in cancer","volume":"24","author":"Debnath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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