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An alternative for the control of snails, intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis, is the use of molluskicides. Niclosamide, recommended by the WHO, has limitations, such as environmental toxicity, which has driven the search for safer and biodegradable alternatives, especially of plant origin. In this context, this study investigated the biological activity of Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil on embryos, juveniles, and adults of Biomphalaria glabrata and cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Methods: Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from fresh leaves via the Clevenger system and characterized via gas chromatography (GC\/MS and GC\/FID), revealing geraniol (25.0%), citronellal (29.2%), citronellol (10.5%) and elemol (9.6%) as the main components. Results: The results revealed lethal concentrations 90 (LC90) for young and adult snails of 60.72 mg\/L, 74.21 mg\/L and 115.35 mg\/L, respectively. In the histological analysis, no changes were observed in the tissues of the mollusks exposed to the lethal concentration 25 (LC25). However, the lethal concentrations 50 (LC50) and 75 (LC75) caused crystalline concretions in proximity to the renal saccular portion. At a concentration of 60 mg\/L, the oil resulted in 100% lethality in embryos and cercaricidal activity greater than 90% in 3 h. Acute toxicity tests in mice via the intraperitoneal or oral route did not reveal toxic effects, with hematological and biochemical parameters within the reference values. Furthermore, the oil did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), indicating low toxicity to fish, and caused a slight reduction in human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) activity without affecting human AChE, which suggests low toxicity to mammalian tissues. In terms of environmental impact, the oil was not toxic to algae until the 75th day, with mortality observed thereafter. Conclusions: These results indicate that essential oils have great potential as biodegradable and safe alternatives for controlling mollusks and interrupting the schistosomiasis cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T03:40:12Z","timestamp":1740454812000},"page":"318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Potential of Essential Oils from Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt: Promising Evaluation for the Control of Mollusks and Embryos of Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Keyla Nunes","family":"Farias Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Biotechnology and Bioprocesses, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Natural Products Technology Laboratory, Federal Fluminense University, M\u00e1rio Viana Street 523, Niteroi 24241-002, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Environmental Health Assessment and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil Avenue 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-9972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Paiva","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Technology Laboratory, Federal Fluminense University, M\u00e1rio Viana Street 523, Niteroi 24241-002, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Sciences Applied to Natural Health Products, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Mario Viana, 523, Niteroi 24241-000, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester Maria","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil Avenue 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia Rodrigues","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Studies in Photosynthesis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaella Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Studies in Photosynthesis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana Tostes da Cunha e","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Studies in Photosynthesis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Ferreira","family":"do Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Studies in Photosynthesis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4058-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Louback","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Maca\u00e9 27930-560, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3430-3106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz de Frias","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Maca\u00e9 27930-560, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Plant Biotechnology and Bioprocesses, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue 373, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Natural Products Technology Laboratory, Federal Fluminense University, M\u00e1rio Viana Street 523, Niteroi 24241-002, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8218-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robson Xavier","family":"Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Assessment and Promotion Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Brazil Avenue 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mitra, A.K., and Mawson, A.R. 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