{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:36:47Z","timestamp":1790933807732,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children, and montelukast is widely prescribed to manage symptoms. However, concerns have emerged regarding its potential association with neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aims to investigate the impact of montelukast duration on neuropsychiatric risks in children with asthma. Methods: A cohort study was conducted using Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), including children diagnosed with asthma between 2004 and 2007. A total of 14,606 children in the montelukast cohort and 8432 in the non-montelukast cohort were analyzed, with propensity score matching applied to reduce confounding bias. Neuropsychiatric outcomes, including Tics\/Tourette\u2019s syndrome, were evaluated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Overall, montelukast use did not increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, among children aged 6\u201315 years, prolonged use beyond 63 days was associated with a significantly elevated risk of Tics\/Tourette\u2019s syndrome, with a 2.6-fold increase observed in girls and a 1.8-fold increase in boys. Conversely, shorter montelukast use in children aged 0\u20136 years was linked to a lower risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Although montelukast generally does not elevate neuropsychiatric risks, extended use in older children may increase the likelihood of developing Tics\/Tourette\u2019s syndrome. These findings highlight the importance of cautious prescribing in pediatric asthma management. Further research is necessary to validate these associations and inform clinical decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:05:46Z","timestamp":1741331146000},"page":"379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Impact of Montelukast Duration on the Risk of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Children with Asthma: A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1677-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Te","family":"Lei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Rheumatology, and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Hsinchu 30070, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Hsinchu 30070, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Szu-Hung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Rheumatology, and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu Municipal MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Hsinchu 30070, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ching","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Rheumatology, and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsuan","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Rheumatology, and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children\u2019s Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Li","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKey Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3542-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fung-Chang","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8461-5613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-I","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 25200, Taiwan"},{"name":"Section of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, December 27). 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