{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:14:08Z","timestamp":1789024448430,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretaria de Investigacion y Posgrado del Instituto Politecnico Nacional","award":["20240460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240460"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Pork tapeworm Taenia solium is the causative agent of cysticercosis which may develop in muscle tissue, skin, eyes, and the central nervous system (neurocysticercosis). It is estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that about 2.56\u20138.30 million are infected worldwide. Praziquantel and albendazole are used for anthelminthic treatment of neurocysticercosis; however, not all patients have a complete elimination of cysts, which makes it necessary to seek new and improved treatment options. Methods: In this study, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and iso-propyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives were evaluated in vitro against Taenia crassiceps (T. crassiceps) cysts. Additionally, to know their potential mode of action, a molecular docking analysis on T. solium triosephosphate isomerase (TsTIM) and an enzyme inactivation assay on recombinant TsTIM were carried out. Results: Nine compounds had time- and concentration-dependent cysticidal activity. Particularly, compounds TS-12, TS-19, and TS-20 (EC50 values 0.58, 1.02, and 0.80 \u00b5M, respectively) were equipotent to albendazole sulfoxide (EC50 = 0.68 \u00b5M). However, TS-12 compounds only cause a slight inhibition of TsTIM (&lt;40% at 1000 \u00b5M), suggested that another drug target is implicated in the biological effects. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide is a scaffold to develop new and more potent antitaeniasis agents, although it is necessary to explore other pharmacological targets to understand their mode of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T10:16:45Z","timestamp":1741861005000},"page":"406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Esters of Quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide Derivatives as New Antitaeniasis Agents and Their Inhibitory Activity Against Triosephosphate Isomerase"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Francisca","family":"Palomares-Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Para el Estudio de la Neuro-Inflamaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alonzo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma D.","family":"Paz-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3800-0228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyra","family":"Ortiz-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-5439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Mart\u00ednez-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3018-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Itzhel","family":"Garc\u00eda-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomol\u00e9culas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, M\u00e9xico City 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0470-1069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biomol\u00e9culas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, M\u00e9xico City 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helgi","family":"Jung-Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9842-4167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gildardo","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biotecnolog\u00eda Farmac\u00e9utica, Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Gen\u00f3mica, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.07.003","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis","volume":"36","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. 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