{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T06:39:29Z","timestamp":1781332769443,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health with \u201cCurrent Research funds\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: \u201cCFTR modulators\u201d (also named \u201ccaftor\u201d) have been developed and introduced into clinical practice to improve the functionality of defective CFTR protein. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is not currently used for CFTR modulators in routine clinical practice and there is still much to learn about the pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic (PK\/PD) and the safety profiles of these drugs in a real-world setting. Moreover, therapeutic ranges are not yet available for both pediatric and adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Methods: A new and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) method for contemporary quantification of ivacaftor (IVA), tezacaftor (TEZ) and elexacaftor (ELX) in plasma samples has been developed and validated. The clinical performance of our method has been tested on samples collected during the routine clinical practice from n = 25 pediatric patients (aged between 7 and 17 years) affected by cystic fibrosis. This LC-MS\/MS method has been validated according to ICH (International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) guidelines for the validation of bioanalytical methods. Results: Our method fulfilled ICH guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, selectivity, specificity and carry-over. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were \u226415%. The 9-day autosampler stability was 90\u2013100% for TEZ and ELX; meanwhile, it fell to 76% for IVA. An injection volume of 1 \u00b5L and a wider quantification range (0.1\u201320 \u00b5g\/mL) represent a novelty of our method in terms of sensitivity and fields of application. Finally, the evaluation of PK exposure parameters for IVA revealed strong agreement with previously published reports and with results from the summary of product characteristics (SmPCs). Conclusions: This method could be adopted to contemporarily measure ELX\/TEZ\/IVA plasma levels for both PK studies and monitor therapy compliance, especially in case of poor or partial responses to treatment, or to evaluate drug\u2013drug interactions when multiple concomitant medications are required. Considering also the high cost burden of these medications to the health system, a TDM-based approach could facilitate more cost-effective patient management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18071028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T15:36:58Z","timestamp":1752161818000},"page":"1028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development and Validation of a New LC-MS\/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Ivacaftor, Tezacaftor and Elexacaftor Plasma Levels in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mancini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-7703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Simeoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7677-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Cristiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peadiatric Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Research Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5925-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cairoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1493-9767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Ciciriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peadiatric Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Research Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8723-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peadiatric Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Research Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-791X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Alghisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peadiatric Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Research Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5792-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3891-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Antonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-3379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Dionisi","family":"Vici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Giovanni","family":"Fiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7711-5672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Cutrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peadiatric Allergy and Cystic Fibrosis Research Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca Maria","family":"Goffredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Diseases and Hepatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2022.01.009","article-title":"Worldwide rates of diagnosis and effective treatment for cystic fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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