{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:47:17Z","timestamp":1788281237955,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oradea"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Ibuprofen is one of the most accessible non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSADs), exhibiting non-selective reversible inhibition on COX-1 and COX-2. A series of common adverse reactions have been mentioned through the years: gastrointestinal (gastritis, ulceration, hemorrhage, or perforation), renal, hematologic, and cardiovascular. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the real-world impact of ibuprofen regarding cardiovascular safety, utilizing an established pharmacovigilance database. Methods: Descriptive and disproportionality-based methods were used. Forty specific descriptors of cardiovascular effects were selected. Eight other NSADs and the combination of ibuprofen and pseudoephedrine were used as comparators. Results: A total of 58,760 cases were identified as being associated with ibuprofen in EudraVigilance. Stroke was reported for ibuprofen with a lower probability compared with etoricoxib (ROR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.21\u20130.55), celecoxib (ROR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.06\u20130.10), meloxicam (ROR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14\u20130.43), acetylsalicylic acid (ROR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.05\u20130.09), and ibuprofen\/pseudoephedrine (ROR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05\u20130.25). Thrombosis was reported for ibuprofen with a higher probability only relative to ketoprofen (ROR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.71\u20135.09). Hypertension was reported for ibuprofen as being more probable than for acetylsalicylic acid (ROR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.43\u20131.76). Myocardial infarction was reported as being more probable for ibuprofen than ketoprofen (ROR: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.57\u20133.40) or nimesulide (ROR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.25\u20134.73). Conclusions: Overall, according to our study, the probability of reported cardiovascular adverse reactions is lower than those determined for the rest of the NSAIDs; however, taking into consideration the inherent limitations of the study, further clinical investigations would contribute to a better understanding of the cardiovascular safety of ibuprofen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18071045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T10:33:47Z","timestamp":1752748427000},"page":"1045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring the Cardiovascular Safety Profile of Ibuprofen: Insights from EudraVigilance Database"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Cristina Anamaria","family":"Buciuman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9913-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Maximiliana","family":"Dobrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-641X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Butuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4874-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina","family":"Frum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3167-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia Gabriela","family":"Gligor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6672-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Octavia","family":"Gligor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10, 1 December Square, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5328-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Gra\u021biela","family":"Vica\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Str., 020956 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10, 1 December Square, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2730-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiu","family":"Morgovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-019-01144-9","article-title":"Ibuprofen Safety at the Golden Anniversary: Are All NSAIDs the Same? 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