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(DNL), a traditional dietary supplement, exhibits therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: T2DM was induced in db\/db mice. DNL (10 g\/kg\/d) or metformin (65 mg\/kg\/d) was administered for 4 weeks. This study integrated pharmacodynamic evaluation and multi-omics to elucidate DNL\u2019s anti-diabetic effects in db\/db mice. Results: DNL intervention significantly ameliorated T2DM phenotypes, reducing hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and renal dysfunction. Metabolomics analysis identified 39 differential metabolites (19 upregulated, 20 downregulated) linked to citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, while proteomics revealed 113 differentially expressed proteins, with multi-omics integration highlighting DNL\u2019s modulation of three proteins (Ckm, Ache, Selenbp1) and four metabolites (4-guanidinobutanoic acid, phosphorylcholine, homocysteine, succinic acid) across arginine\/proline metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and sulfur metabolism. Pathway analysis demonstrated DNL\u2019s restoration of dysregulated processes, including inflammation suppression via NF-\u03baB and PI3K-Akt pathways, enhanced insulin sensitivity through glycerophospholipid balance, and mitigation of oxidative stress via sulfur metabolism. Key correlations between metabolites and proteins underscored DNL\u2019s multi-target action. Conclusions: These findings systematically decode therapeutic mechanisms of Dendrobium nobile Lindl., emphasizing its role in rectifying metabolic disorders and inflammatory signaling, thereby providing a molecular basis for its clinical application in T2DM management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18071061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T12:09:53Z","timestamp":1752840593000},"page":"1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Integrated Omics Reveal Dendrobium nobile Lindl.\u2019s Anti-Diabetic Mechanisms via Arginine\/Proline and Glycerophospholipid Pathways"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1223-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Technology Research Center of Plant Cell Engineering, West AnHui University, Moon Island, Luan 237000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-4472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China"},{"name":"Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China"},{"name":"Hainan Shengrong Technology Co., Ltd., Yangnan Village 18, Haikou 571156, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2024). 2. 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