{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:15:45Z","timestamp":1787314545720,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Wound healing and scar management remain significant challenges in dermatology and aesthetic medicine. Recent advances in regenerative medicine have introduced plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) as potential therapeutic agents due to their bioactive properties. This study examines the clinical application of rose stem cell exosomes (RSCEs) in combination with established treatments for managing different types of scars. Methods: A case series of four patients with different scar etiologies (dog bite, hot oil burn, forehead trauma, and facial laser treatment complications) was treated with RSCEs in combination with microneedling (Dermapen 4.0, 0.2\u20130.4 mm depth) and\/or thulium laser therapy (Lutronic Ultra MD, 8\u201314 J), or as a standalone topical treatment. All cases underwent sequential treatments over periods ranging from two to four months, with comprehensive photographic documentation of the progression. The efficacy was assessed through clinical photography and objective evaluation using the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), along with assessment of scar appearance, texture, and coloration. Results: All cases demonstrated progressive improvement throughout the treatment course. The dog bite scar showed significant objective improvement, with a 71% reduction in modified Vancouver Scar Scale score (from 7\/13 to 2\/13) and a 61% improvement in Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale scores after four combined treatments. The forehead trauma case exhibited similar outcomes, with a 71% improvement in mVSS score and 55\u201357% improvement in POSAS scores. The hot oil burn case displayed the most dramatic improvement, with a 78% reduction in mVSS score and over 70% improvement in POSAS scores, resulting in near-complete resolution without visible scarring. The facial laser complication case showed a 75% reduction in mVSS score and ~70% improvement in POSAS scores using only topical exosome application without device-based treatments. Clinical improvements across all cases included reduction in elevation, improved texture, decreased erythema, and better integration with surrounding skin. No adverse effects were reported in any of the cases. Conclusions: This preliminary case series suggests that plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles, specifically rose stem cell exosomes (RSCEs), may enhance scar treatment outcomes when combined with microneedling and laser therapy, or even as a standalone topical treatment. The documented objective improvements, measured by standardized scar assessment scales, along with clinical enhancements in scar appearance, texture, and coloration across different scar etiologies\u2014dog bite, burn, traumatic injury, and iatrogenic laser damage\u2014suggest that this approach may offer a valuable addition to the current armamentarium of scar management strategies. Notably, the successful treatment of laser-induced complications using only topical exosome application demonstrates the versatility and potential of this therapeutic modality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T09:35:11Z","timestamp":1753436111000},"page":"1103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Therapeutic Efficacy of Plant-Derived Exosomes for Advanced Scar Treatment: Quantitative Analysis Using Standardized Assessment Scales"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5890-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Majewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ESME Clinic, Private Practice, ul. Lwowska 1\/u16, 30-548 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Kondraciuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kondraciuk Clinic, Private Practice, ul. Ostrowska 6, 07-410 Ostro\u0142\u0119ka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6687-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona","family":"Paciepnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Boche\u0144ska 4, 31-061 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Budzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESME Clinic, Private Practice, ul. Lwowska 1\/u16, 30-548 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Ma\u0142opolska Burn and Plastic Surgery Center, Os. Z\u0142otej Jesieni 1, 31-826 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4739-8576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Dorosz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S218134","article-title":"Skin care management for medical and aesthetic procedures to prevent scarring","volume":"12","author":"Jourdan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01515-y","article-title":"Exosome: From biology to drug delivery","volume":"14","author":"Baruah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. 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