{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:21:15Z","timestamp":1791415275739,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["NRF-2021R1F1A1063787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1F1A1063787"]}]},{"name":"Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine (JIKOM)","award":["NRF-2021R1F1A1063787"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1F1A1063787"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/objectives: This study evaluated the immunoenhancing effects of Agastache rugosa extract in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mouse model. Methods: Jeju A. rugosa was processed via hot water extraction and 20% ethanol extraction. For immunosuppression induction, 7-week-old male BALB\/c mice received intraperitoneal CPA injections (150 mg\/kg, day \u22123; 110 mg\/kg, day \u22121), followed by oral administration of hot water extract (ARE-W) and ethanol extract (ARE-E) at 100 and 300 mg\/kg for 14 days. Oral administration of ARE-W and ARE-E was started on day 0, immediately following the final CPA injection on day \u22121. Immune function was assessed through body weight changes, spleen weight, NK cell activity, IFN-\u03b3 production, and splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Results: Results demonstrated that CPA treatment induced comprehensive immune dysfunction, while A. rugosa extracts significantly ameliorated these immunosuppressive conditions. Notably, ARE-W (300 mg\/kg) significantly enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells and IFN-\u03b3 production compared to the CPA group, and effectively restored spleen weight and lymphocyte proliferation. ARE-E also exhibited dose-dependent immune function recovery; however, ARE-W showed superior efficacy across most immune parameters. Conclusions: These findings suggest that A. rugosa extract, particularly ARE-W, effectively restores immune function in immunosuppressed conditions, indicating potential application as a natural functional material for ameliorating immunosuppression caused by cancer treatment or immune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T14:05:47Z","timestamp":1753711547000},"page":"1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Immunoenhancing Effects of Jeju Agastache rugosa Extracts on NK Cell Activity and Lymphocyte Proliferation in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sung Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0145-1119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Il","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju-si 63309, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nari","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju-si 63309, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Min","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju-si 63309, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9977-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Gi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Center, Gyeonggi-do Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hoon","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeju Institute of Korean Medicine, Jeju-si 63309, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Bioindex, Seoul 02091, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5103-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myoung-Sook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3123","article-title":"Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system","volume":"16","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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