{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:12:48Z","timestamp":1791231168930,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Autonomous University of Queretaro","award":["FONFIVE-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONFIVE-2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, and gastrointestinal disorders represent major public health concerns in Mexico. Although a range of pharmacological treatments exists, their use is associated with adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Species of the Ipomoea genus are widely employed in Mexican traditional medicine (MTM) for their purgative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and sedative properties. Particularly, Ipomoea purpurea is traditionally used as a diuretic and purgative; its leaves and stems are applied topically for their anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. This study aimed to determine their phytochemical composition and to evaluate the associated vasodilatory activity, modulatory effects on intestinal smooth-muscle motility, and toxicological effects of the methanolic (ME-Ip) and dichloromethane (DE-Ip) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of I. purpurea. Methods: The phytochemical composition of the ME-Ip and DE-Ip extracts of I. purpurea was assessed using UPLC-QTOF-MS and GC-MS, respectively. For both extracts, the vasodilatory activity and effects on intestinal smooth muscle were investigated using ex vivo models incorporating isolated rat aorta and ileum, respectively, whereas acute toxicity was evaluated in vivo. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed, for the first time, the presence of two glycosylated flavonoids within the Ipomoea genus; likewise, constituents with potential anti-inflammatory activity were detected. The identified compounds in I. purpurea extracts may contribute to the vasodilatory, biphasic, and purgative effects observed in this species. The EC50 values for the vasodilatory effects of the methanolic (ME-Ip) and dichloromethane (DE-Ip) extracts were 0.80 and 0.72 mg\/mL, respectively. In the initial phase of the experiments on isolated ileal tissues, both extracts induced a spasmodic (contractile) effect on basal motility, with ME-Ip exhibiting higher potency (EC50 = 27.11 \u03bcg\/mL) compared to DE-Ip (EC50 = 1765 \u03bcg\/mL). In contrast, during the final phase of the experiments, both extracts demonstrated a spasmolytic effect, with EC50 values of 0.43 mg\/mL for ME-Ip and 0.34 mg\/mL for DE-Ip. In addition, both extracts exhibited low levels of acute toxicity. Conclusions: The phytochemical profile and the vasodilatory and biphasic effects of the I. purpurea extracts explain, in part, the use of I. purpurea in MTM. The absence of acute toxic effects constitutes a preliminary step in the toxicological safety assessment of I. purpurea extracts and demonstrates their potential for the development of phytopharmaceutic agents as adjuvants for the treatment of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T07:37:23Z","timestamp":1753861043000},"page":"1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phytochemical Profile, Vasodilatory and Biphasic Effects on Intestinal Motility, and Toxicological Evaluation of the Methanol and Dichloromethane Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Ipomoea purpurea Used in Traditional Mexican Medicine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Maestr\u00eda en Ciencias Qu\u00edmico Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Santiago de Queretaro 76017, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica y Farmacol\u00f3gica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Santiago de Queretaro 76017, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Luna-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica y Farmacol\u00f3gica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Santiago de Queretaro 76017, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6049-2600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Antonieta","family":"Carbajo-Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Universitario Bioterio, Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Campus Juriquilla, Santiago de Queretaro 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Ibarra-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica y Farmacol\u00f3gica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Santiago de Queretaro 76017, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6131-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Rojas-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica y Farmacol\u00f3gica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Santiago de Queretaro 76017, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Maruri-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jard\u00edn Bot\u00e1nico Regional de Cadereyta \u201cIng. Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez de Cos\u00edo\u201d del Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda del Estado de Quer\u00e9taro, Cadereyta 76500, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro A.","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Landaverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Unidad Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario, Santiago de Queretaro 76090, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isela","family":"Rojas-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Qu\u00edmica y Farmacol\u00f3gica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Cerro de las Campanas S\/N, Santiago de Queretaro 76017, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30269-2","article-title":"Obesity in Mexico: Rapid epidemiological transition and food industry interference in health policies","volume":"8","author":"Barquera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwac127","article-title":"Increasing representation of epidemiologists from around the world in the society for epidemiologic research: The case of Mexico","volume":"191","author":"Jimenez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. 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