{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:06:53Z","timestamp":1784783213363,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004515","name":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malayssia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GGPM-2019-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GGPM-2019-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia","award":["GGPM-2019-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GGPM-2019-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Inflammation abrogates cellular organization and tissue homoeostasis, resulting in redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. A model of carrageenan-induced paw edema (CIE) is commonly utilized to test anti-inflammatory substances. Based on the ability of Lepisanthes alata (LA), a tropical plant that is rich in phytochemicals like polyphenols, this study assessed the optimal dose and the health benefits of LA in rats that had been induced with carrageenan to develop paw swelling. Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups to which carrageenan was administered, after which, distilled water at oral dose (C + DW), sodium diclofenac 25 mg\/kg (C + DS), LA extract in 250 mg\/kg (C + LA250), and 500 mg\/kg (C + LA500) was given, respectively. Paw edema was assessed in 24 h. Pain was assessed using the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), cytokines, antioxidant activity, and tissue changes. Results: LA at 250 and 500 mg\/kg significantly decreased paw edema and inflammatory markers in the results of both studies. Remarkably, LA 250 mg\/kg significantly decreased RGS scores as well as IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, and histological inflammation but had a positive effect on T-SOD levels. Conclusions: LA extract, especially at 250 mg\/kg, shows potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties in CIE rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T06:37:47Z","timestamp":1754030267000},"page":"1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lepisanthes alata Attenuates Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation and Pain in Rats: A Phytochemical-Based Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elvy Suhana","family":"Mohd Ramli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5622-2452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia Mohamed","family":"Tarmizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anatomy Unit, Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine & Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Aqilah","family":"Kamaruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4163-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Amir","family":"Kamaruzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.03.030","article-title":"Stress, Inflammation, and Defense of Homeostasis","volume":"54","author":"Chovatiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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