{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:30:58Z","timestamp":1787315458538,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["305584\/2023\u20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305584\/2023\u20135"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["193.00000029\/2019-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["193.00000029\/2019-53"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["405934\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405934\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["305584\/2023\u20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305584\/2023\u20135"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["193.00000029\/2019-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["193.00000029\/2019-53"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio Pesquisa do Distrito Federal","award":["405934\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405934\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["305584\/2023\u20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305584\/2023\u20135"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["193.00000029\/2019-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["193.00000029\/2019-53"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["405934\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405934\/2022-0"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES)","award":["305584\/2023\u20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305584\/2023\u20135"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES)","award":["193.00000029\/2019-53"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["193.00000029\/2019-53"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES)","award":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00001531\/2021-04"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES)","award":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00193-00000227\/2023-01"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES)","award":["405934\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["405934\/2022-0"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Actinobacteria are one of the largest bacterial phyla. These microbes produce bioactive compounds, such as antifungals, antibiotics, immunological modulators, and anti-tumor agents. Studies on actinobacteria isolated from the Brazilian Savannah biome (Cerrado) are scarce and mostly address metagenomics or the search for hydrolytic enzyme-producing microbes. Solanum lycocarpum (lobeira) is a tree widely employed in regional gastronomy and pharmacopeia in Central Brazil. Methods: In this work, 60 actinobacteria isolates were purified from the rhizosphere of S. lycocarpum. Eight Streptomyces spp. isolates were selected for in vitro antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans H99, the C. neoformans 89-610 fluconazole-tolerant strain, C. gattii NIH198, Candida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis. The ability of the aqueous extracts of the isolates to induce the in vitro secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-\u03b1), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 by murine macrophages was also evaluated. Results: All extracts showed antifungal activity against at least two yeast species. Streptomyces spp. LAP11, LDB2, and LDB17 inhibited C. neoformans growth by 40\u201393%. Most extracts (except LAP2) also inhibited C. gattii. None inhibited C. albicans, but all inhibited C. glabrata (40\u201390%). Streptomyces sp. LAP8 extract increased nitric oxide production by approximately 347-fold in murine macrophages, while LDB11 extract suppressed LPS-induced TNF-\u03b1 production by 70% and simultaneously increased IL-10 secretion, suggesting immunosuppressive potential. Conclusions: The results revealed that Cerrado actinobacteria-derived aqueous extracts are potential sources of antifungal and immunomodulatory biocompounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T07:49:58Z","timestamp":1754380198000},"page":"1158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antifungal and Immunomodulatory Activities of Brazilian Savannah Solanum lypocarpum Tree-Associated Streptomyces Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Camila Bontempo","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduation Program in Animal Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8764-7373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kunal","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 835303, India"},{"name":"Graduation Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Pacheco","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Morphology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduation Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8540-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjorie de Carvalho Vieira","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0819-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara Luna Freitas","family":"Marina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4711-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Alexandre","family":"Muehlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220-275, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3323-5300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anam\u00e9lia Lorenzetti","family":"Bocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Platform, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4108-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio Jos\u00e9","family":"Po\u00e7as-Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduation Program in Animal Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Genetics and Morphology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduation Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12360","article-title":"ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of rare invasive yeast infections","volume":"20","author":"Dannaoui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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