{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:38:29Z","timestamp":1790689109030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["2024CY-JJQ-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-41"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["CARS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-21"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["306-17102032236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306-17102032236"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program","award":["2018k01-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018k01-41"]}]},{"name":"Modern agricultural industrial technology system construction project","award":["2024CY-JJQ-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-41"]}]},{"name":"Modern agricultural industrial technology system construction project","award":["CARS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-21"]}]},{"name":"Modern agricultural industrial technology system construction project","award":["306-17102032236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306-17102032236"]}]},{"name":"Modern agricultural industrial technology system construction project","award":["2018k01-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018k01-41"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2024CY-JJQ-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-41"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["CARS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-21"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["306-17102032236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306-17102032236"]}]},{"name":"Doctoral Science Foundation of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2018k01-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018k01-41"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project Plan of Xianyang City","award":["2024CY-JJQ-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CY-JJQ-41"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project Plan of Xianyang City","award":["CARS-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-21"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project Plan of Xianyang City","award":["306-17102032236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306-17102032236"]}]},{"name":"Major Science and Technology Project Plan of Xianyang City","award":["2018k01-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018k01-41"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: As a non-medicinal part resource of Ziziphus jujuba, this study focuses on the total flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba mesocarp (TFZJM), aiming to optimize the extraction process and explore its sedative and hypnotic effects. Methods: The extraction process of TFZJM was optimized by using single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken response surface design method. The material basis of TFZJM was analyzed using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The mouse insomnia model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA, and the effects of TFZJM on this model and its potential mechanism were evaluated using multiple methods, such as sleep enhancement induced by pentobarbital sodium, HE staining of tissue sections, ELISA, RT-PCR, WB, and serum metabolomics. Results: The results showed that by optimizing the extraction conditions, a solid-liquid ratio (SLR) of 1:25 g\u00b7mL\u22121, ethanol concentration of 60%, extraction time of 60 min, and extraction rate of 1.98% were achieved. The common chemical basis of the 10 flavonoid components was identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Compared with the model group, the high-dose TFZJM (TFZJM-H) group had the most significant effect, followed by the medium-dose (TFZJM-M) and low-dose (TFZJM-L) groups. Conclusions: Metabolomic analysis revealed that TFZJM regulates pathways related to the metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine, cytochrome P450, and alanine. This lays the foundation for further exploration of the active substances and mechanisms of action of TFZJM in sedation and hypnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18091272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1756217929000},"page":"1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extraction Methods and Sedative\u2013Hypnotic Effects of Total Flavonoids from Ziziphus jujuba Mesocarp"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1850-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7158-4177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baojian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay 834000, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7231-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinbo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuangui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongxing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8986","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: An American academy of sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"17","author":"Edinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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