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Some medications\u2014such as metformin used to treat type 2 diabetes, levothyroxine for hypothyroidism, statins for cardiovascular diseases, proton pump inhibitors for reducing stomach acid secretion, and pharmaceuticals for lowering blood pressure\u2014can affect the balance of the gut microbiota, causing dysbiosis, which in turn may lead to other diseases. Dietary supplements, probiotics, prebiotics and certain medications alter the composition of the gut microbiota, which plays an essential role in alleviating metabolic disorders. This study discusses the effects of the long-term use of selected pharmaceuticals on the gut and probiotic microbiota in patients. It also examines whether there is a rationale for providing probiotic supplements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18091372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T07:56:51Z","timestamp":1757923011000},"page":"1372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Drugs Versus Microbiota: How Pharmacotherapy Affects Gut and Probiotic Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6797-3240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zawistowska-Rojek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostic, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3352-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Tyski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Laboratory Diagnostic, National Medicines Institute, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000139","article-title":"The gut microbiome in health and in disease","volume":"31","author":"Shreiner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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