{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:33:58Z","timestamp":1792424038613,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia","award":["NBU-CRP-2025-1442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBU-CRP-2025-1442"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Rutin (RT), a promising bioflavonoid, faces clinical limitations due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we formulated RT-loaded phytosome nanoparticles (RT-PNPs) via thin-layer hydration and characterized their morphology, size distribution, and zeta potential. Methods: We established a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC), randomly allocating ninety female Swiss albino mice into six groups: untreated controls, RT-treated, RT-PNP-treated, EAC, EAC + RT, and EAC + RT-PNPs. Tumor induction and treatment protocols were controlled, with the oral administration of 25 mg\/kg\/day of RT or RT-PNPs for 20 days. We comprehensively assessed survival, body weight, ascitic fluid\/tumor volume, and cell viability and performed detailed hematological, serum biochemical, and tumor marker analyses. Multiorgan (liver and kidney) function and redox homeostasis were evaluated through enzymatic assays for SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSH, as well as lipid peroxidation assessment. Proinflammatory cytokines and tumor markers (AFP, CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and CA15-3) were quantified via ELISA. Results: Gene expression profiling (TP53, Bax, and Bcl-2) and flow cytometry (p53 and Ki-67) elucidated the modulation of apoptosis. Histopathological scoring documented organ protection, while advanced multivariate (heatmap and principal component) analyses revealed distinct treatment clusterings. The RT-PNPs demonstrated potent anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptosis-inducing effects, outperforming free RT in restoring physiological markers and tissue integrity. Conclusions: The current results underscore the potential of RT-PNPs as a multifaceted therapeutic approach to EAC, leveraging nanoparticle technology to optimize efficacy and systemic protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18091410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T10:08:58Z","timestamp":1758276538000},"page":"1410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Therapeutic Potential of Food-Derived Rutin Phytosome Nanoparticles: Anti-Tumor, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1855-843X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Alfawaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekramy M.","family":"Elmorsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5332-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Samy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1504-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Shams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2425-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mai A.","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5360-5043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aly A. M.","family":"Shaalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1252-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal S.","family":"Fawzy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4318-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora","family":"Hosny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-025-02198-8","article-title":"Advancements and limitations in traditional anti-cancer therapies: A comprehensive review of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy","volume":"16","author":"Zafar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7010","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7010","article-title":"Integrating natural compounds and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems: A novel strategy for enhanced efficacy and selectivity in cancer therapy","volume":"13","author":"Babajani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talib, W.H., Alsayed, A.R., Barakat, M., Abu-Taha, M.I., and Mahmod, A.I. (2021). Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101353"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01889-y","article-title":"Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15347354211021920","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354211021920","article-title":"Antitumor and Radiosensitizing Effects of Zinc Oxide-Caffeic Acid Nanoparticles against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma in Female Mice","volume":"20","author":"Sayed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integr. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-01999-7","article-title":"Determination of Rutin\u2019s antitumoral effect on EAC solid tumor by AgNOR count and PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Oflamaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2016.04.025","article-title":"The Pharmacological Potential of Rutin","volume":"25","author":"Ganeshpurkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2018.09.008","article-title":"Synergistic Interaction of Rutin and Silibinin on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line","volume":"49","author":"Nafees","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23711","article-title":"Rutin alleviates bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate-induced generation of proinflammatory mediators through the MAPK and NF-\u03baB pathways in macrophages","volume":"38","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos Santos, C.A.L., de Ara\u00fajo Monteiro, A.A., da Silva, P.A.G., Kamdem, J.P., Duarte, A.E., Almutairi, M.M., Ali, A., Anwar, S., and Ibrahim, M. (2025). Protective capacity of Rutin against oxidative damage induced by saline stress in the roots of the model organism Allium cepa. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04235-6"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Przybylski, T., Czerniel, J., Dobrosielski, J., and Stawny, M. (2025). Flavonol Technology: From the Compounds\u2019 Chemistry to Clinical Research. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30153113"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118513","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling in gastric cancer: Epigenetics and beyond","volume":"262","author":"Fattahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talebi, H., Farahpour, M.R., and Hamishehkar, H. (2021). The effectiveness of Rutin for prevention of surgical induced endometriosis development in a rat model. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86586-4"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zargar, S., Altwaijry, N., Wani, T.A., and Alkahtani, H.M. (2023). Evaluation of the Possible Pathways Involved in the Protective Effects of Quercetin, Naringenin, and Rutin at the Gene, Protein and miRNA Levels Using In-Silico Multidimensional Data Analysis. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28134904"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106163","article-title":"Rutin ameliorates inflammation and improves metabolic function: A comprehensive analysis of scientific literature","volume":"178","author":"Muvhulawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01898-w","article-title":"Rutin and ascorbic acid cooperation in antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect on human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to UVA and UVB radiation","volume":"311","author":"Skrzydlewska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.07.008","article-title":"Rutin: A review on extraction, identification and purification methods, biological activities and approaches to enhance its bioavailability","volume":"67","author":"Moreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6983","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S318416","article-title":"Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature","volume":"16","author":"Barani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.21037\/tbcr-23-32","article-title":"Features and applications of Ehrlich tumor model in cancer studies: A literature review","volume":"4","author":"Radulski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Breast Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhuo, Y., Zhao, Y.-G., and Zhang, Y. (2024). Enhancing Drug Solubility, Bioavailability, and Targeted Therapeutic Applications through Magnetic Nanoparticles. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29204854"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oladipo, A.O., Lebelo, S.L., and Msagati, T.A.M. (2023). Nanocarrier design\u2013function relationship: The prodigious role of properties in regulating biocompatibility for drug delivery applications. Chem. Biol. Interact., 377.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110466"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alharbi, W.S., Almughem, F.A., Almehmady, A.M., Jarallah, S.J., Alsharif, W.K., Alzahrani, N.M., and Alshehri, A.A. (2021). Phytosomes as an Emerging Nanotechnology Platform for the Topical Delivery of Bioactive Phytochemicals. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13091475"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103831","article-title":"The antitumor activity of Arthrospira platensis and\/or cisplatin in a murine model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma with hematinic and hepato-renal protective action","volume":"66","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustafa, M., Ahmad, R., Tantry, I.Q., Ahmad, W., Siddiqui, S., Alam, M., Abbas, K., Hassan, M.I., and Habib, S. (2024). Apoptosis: A Comprehensive Overview of Signaling Pathways, Morphological Changes, and Physiological Significance and Therapeutic Implications. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13221838"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qian, S., Wei, Z., Yang, W., Huang, J., Yang, Y., and Wang, J. (2022). The role of BCL-2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis and cancer therapy. Front. Oncol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.985363"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nouri, Z., Fakhri, S., Nouri, K., Wallace, C.E., Farzaei, M.H., and Bishayee, A. (2020). Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12082276"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3041","article-title":"The protective effects of rutin on the liver, kidneys, and heart by counteracting organ toxicity caused by synthetic and natural compounds","volume":"11","author":"Rahmani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savas, I.N., and Coskun, A. (2025). The Future of Tumor Markers: Advancing Early Malignancy Detection Through Omics Technologies, Continuous Monitoring, and Personalized Reference Intervals. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15071011"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turlej, E., Domaradzka, A., Radzka, J., Drulis-Fajdasz, D., Kulbacka, J., and Gizak, A. (2025). Cross-Talk Between Cancer and Its Cellular Environment\u2014A Role in Cancer Progression. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14060403"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2021.101435","article-title":"Evaluation of anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of Eruca sativa extracts versus Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice","volume":"33","author":"Elsadek","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frost, Z., Bakhit, S., Amaefuna, C., Powers, R., and Ramana, K. (2025). Recent Advances on the Role of B Vitamins in Cancer Prevention and Progression. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26051967"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saleh, N., Allam, T., Korany, R.M.S., Abdelfattah, A.M., Omran, A.M., Abd Eldaim, M.A., Hassan, A.M., and El-Borai, N.B. (2022). Protective and Therapeutic Efficacy of Hesperidin versus Cisplatin against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma-Induced Renal Damage in Mice. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15030294"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e519","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.519","article-title":"Roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammation and cancer","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.056","article-title":"A sulfated polyphenols-rich extract from Sabal yapa exhibits antitumor activities in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Fahmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, X., Xue, X., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Liu, W., Zhang, J., and Fan, S. (2017). Rutin-Enriched Extract from Coriandrum sativum L. Ameliorates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18050942"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2714","article-title":"Antitumor Activity of Selenium in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice","volume":"16","author":"Hussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacol. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishida, A., and Andoh, A. (2025). The Role of Inflammation in Cancer: Mechanisms of Tumor Initiation, Progression, and Metastasis. Cells, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14070488"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-022-01340-1","article-title":"Posttranslational control of lipogenesis in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aldayel, T.S., Gad El Hak, H.N., Nafie, M.S., Saad, R., Abdelrazek, H.M.A., and Kilany, O.E. (2023). Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and molecular docking of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract against experimental model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss female albino mice. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04279-z"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Chronic diseases and aging","volume":"97","author":"Jomova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anwar, S., Sarwar, T., Khan, A.A., and Rahmani, A.H. (2025). Therapeutic Applications and Mechanisms of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Different Pathogenesis. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15081130"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grujicic, J., and Allen, A.R. (2025). Manganese Superoxide Dismutase: Structure, Function, and Implications in Human Disease. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070848"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suraweera, T.L., Rupasinghe, H.P.V., Dellaire, G., and Xu, Z. (2020). Regulation of Nrf2\/ARE Pathway by Dietary Flavonoids: A Friend or Foe for Cancer Management?. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100973"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emeka, P.M., Badger-Emeka, L.I., Thirugnanasambantham, K., and Alatawi, A.S. (2024). Rutin-Activated Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Attenuates Corneal and Heart Damage in Mice. Pharmaceuticals, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17111523"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.02.029","article-title":"Amelioration effect of Egyptian sweet orange hesperidin on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice","volume":"285","author":"Donia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11857-y","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of 9-diaminoacridine derivative against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-induced hepatorenal injury in mice","volume":"28","author":"Tousson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13988","article-title":"Ehrlich ascites carcinoma provokes renal toxicity and DNA injury in mice: Therapeutic impact of chitosan and maitake nanoparticles","volume":"134","author":"Abosharaf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/jcrt.JCRT_862_16","article-title":"Oxidative stress and its role in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Jelic","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drago\u0219, D., Enache, I.I., and Manea, M.M. (2025). Oxidative Stress and Nutritional Antioxidants in Renal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070757"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.05.043","article-title":"Effect of Au-dextran NPs as anti-tumor agent against EAC and solid tumor in mice by biochemical evaluations and histopathological investigations","volume":"91","author":"Medhat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00658-5","article-title":"Inflammation and tumor progression: Signaling pathways and targeted intervention","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roberti, A., Chaffey, L.E., and Greaves, D.R. (2022). NF-\u03baB Signaling and Inflammation-Drug Repurposing to Treat Inflammatory Disorders?. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202201.0303.v1"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23016","article-title":"Ehrlich ascites carcinoma as model for studying the cardiac protective effects of curcumin nanoparticles against cardiac damage in female mice","volume":"36","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sannappa Gowda, N.G., Shiragannavar, V.D., Prabhuswamimath, S.C., Tuladhar, S., Chidambaram, S.B., and Santhekadur, P.K. (2022). Ehrlich Ascites carcinoma mice model for studying liver inflammation and fibrosis. Adv. Cancer Biol. Metastasis, 4.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adcanc.2022.100029"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20543581241258812","DOI":"10.1177\/20543581241258812","article-title":"Thymoquinone Nanoparticles (TQ-NPs) in Kidney Toxicity Induced by Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC): An In Vivo Study","volume":"11","author":"Eltahir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. J. Kidney Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12139","article-title":"Clinical hematological and biochemical parameters in Swiss, BALB\/c, C57BL\/6 and B6D2F1 Mus musculus","volume":"3","author":"Bax","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. Model. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed, H.R.H., Tulbah, F.S.A., El-ghor, A.A., and Eissa, S.M. (2023). Suppression of tumor growth and apoptosis induction by pomegranate seed nano-emulsion in mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma cells. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32488-6"}],"container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/18\/9\/1410\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:48:52Z","timestamp":1760035732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8247\/18\/9\/1410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ph18091410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph18091410","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8247"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8247","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]}}}