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As such, scientists are continuously researching new compounds with anticancer potential. In this study, we explored fifteen new 4-thiazolidinone derivatives as potential anticancer compounds. 4-Thiazolidinones are a well-established group of active structures, most commonly applied for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease and diabetic neuropathy. However, they are actively researched as potential anticancer agents. A number of derivatives have qualified for Phase II and III clinical trials as antitumor agents. Methods: MTT cytotoxicity assay was applied to identify the most active compounds. Three out of the fifteen tested structures displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. To further investigate the influence of compounds on breast cancer cells, we analyzed their capability to induce apoptosis using flow cytometry assessment with Annexin V and propidium iodide dyes. Next, flow cytometry analysis of JC-1 dye was utilized to research their capability to affect mitochondrial membrane. Afterwards, concentrations of important proapoptotic proteins such as Bax and cytochrome C were assessed with a highly sensitive ELISA method. Results: Further analysis with a fluorescent microscope displayed that novel compounds significantly increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusions: The results represented in this article displayed that the most active compounds positively affected the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the tested breast cancer cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18111598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1761182042000},"page":"1598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Evaluation of New 5-((5-Nitrofuran-2-yl)allylidene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinones"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Podolak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialstok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Horishny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rostyslav","family":"Dudchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0945-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Gornowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialstok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7148-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Czarnomysy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmytro","family":"Mural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, Valentynivska St., 4, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serhii","family":"Holota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Molecular Design Center, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3187-4205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Bielawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kili\u0144skiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3322-0080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Lesyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy, Valentynivska St., 4, 61168 Kharkiv, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bielawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialstok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roszczenko, P., Holota, S., Szewczyk, O.K., Dudchak, R., Bielawski, K., Bielawska, A., and Lesyk, R. 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