{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T05:33:34Z","timestamp":1762839214819,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["# 88887.512374\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 88887.512374\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education\u2014CAPES"},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development\u2014CNPq","award":["# 302568\/2021-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 302568\/2021-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Regenerating critical-sized bone defects is a significant clinical challenge. Autogenous bone grafts are the gold standard but have limitations, including donor site morbidity. As an alternative, this study introduces a novel biocomposite combining an ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA) polymer with Hancornia speciosa (Hs) latex. The ECA acts as a scaffold and delivery vehicle for the latex, which contains phytochemicals with known angiogenic properties. Methods: We created 5 mm critical-sized calvarial defects in 36 Wistar rats, which were divided into four experimental groups. Bone regeneration was evaluated at 30, 60, and 90 days using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for morphometric analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining for histology. Results: The composite-treated group (Hs+ECA) showed significantly higher bone volume (57.2; IQR: 56.7\u201361.2) than the control (53.9; IQR: 49.4\u201356.4) and ECA-only (48.4; IQR: 47.2\u201359.9) groups at 90 days (p &lt; 0.05). By day 60, the bone volume in the Hs+ECA group was statistically similar (p &gt; 0.05) to that of the autogenous bone group. Histological analysis revealed an organized repair process with neoangiogenesis observed only in the Hs+ECA group, confirming the material\u2019s strong bioactivity. Conclusions: The Hs+ECA composite is a promising biomaterial that acts as an effective delivery system for the bioactive components of the latex. The induced angiogenesis was critical to its regenerative success. This cost-effective material warrants further investigation for clinical applications in regenerative dentistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18111695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T10:35:31Z","timestamp":1762770931000},"page":"1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of a Drug Delivery System Using a Compound Based on Ethyl Cyanoacrylate and Hancornia speciosa (Gomes) in a Rat Calvaria Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4186-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Felipe Fernandes","family":"Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Antonio Tridapalli","family":"Mafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1715-7146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor Augusto Benedicto","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6665-1215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sidney Raimundo","family":"Figueroba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Caroline Gercina Carvalho","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klinger de Souza","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Haiter","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Diagnosis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1897-3567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Batista da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8513-773X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Carlos","family":"Groppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909874","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201909874","article-title":"Functional biomaterials for bone regeneration: A lesson in complex biology","volume":"30","author":"Armiento","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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