{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T22:48:56Z","timestamp":1776898136000,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2023-RW350-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-RW350-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82373885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82373885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021-I2M-1-016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: Ischemic stroke (IS) is an acute neurologic injury in which inflammatory responses play a key role. Yinchen, a common medicinal plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been proven to possess strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, its efficacy in treating IS remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of Yinchen for IS and the material basis of this potential. Methods: The main active components in Artemisia scoparia extract (ASE, the extract of Yinchen), were identified by HPLC and MS. The targets of Yinchen and IS were obtained from public databases. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental investigation were further applied to acquire the core constituents in Yinchen that work against the neuroinflammation that occuring during IS. The neurological outcomes were evaluated in a transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (tMCAO) rat model. Additionally, the changes in the inflammatory responses in both the ischemic brain and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated microglial cells were examined using real-time qPCR. Results: Four active compounds of ASE, including isochlorogenic acid C (ICGA-C), isochlorogenic acid B (ICGA-B), isochlorogenic acid A (ICGA-A), and chlorogenic acid (CGA), were identified by HPLC and MS. Network pharmacology predicted that 103 compounds of Yinchen had 198 intersection targets with IS. The top five of these targets were TNF, STAT3, IL1B, AKT1, and SRC. Molecular docking results demonstrated that the abovementioned four compounds detected in ASE showed good interaction with all of the above five core targets. Moreover, both the four compounds and ASE were observed to attenuate NO release and suppress the release of various inflammatory factors (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells. ASE was further found to exert neuroprotective effects against ischemia\u2013reperfusion (I\/R) injury and inhibit the production of inflammatory factors in tMCAO rats. Conclusions: Yinchen exerts an anti-neuroinflammatory effect on IS, and its constituents with high scores binding to five core targets contribute to this effect. This supports its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of IS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18121852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T15:14:06Z","timestamp":1764861246000},"page":"1852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Study of Yinchen Against Neuroinflammation in Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Minmin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery and Polymorphic Druggability Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yijie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery and Polymorphic Druggability Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Uygur Medicine, Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi 830011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruipeng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery and Polymorphic Druggability Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery and Polymorphic Druggability Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gefei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery and Polymorphic Druggability Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanhua","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery and Polymorphic Druggability Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6246-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery and Polymorphic Druggability Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00642-1","article-title":"Stroke","volume":"403","author":"Hilkens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.308427","article-title":"Cerebral Vascular Disease and Neurovascular Injury in Ischemic Stroke","volume":"120","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. 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