{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:37:17Z","timestamp":1790869037447,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["306892\/2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306892\/2022-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["E-26\/211.068\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.068\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["E-26\/201.318\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.318\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"FAPERJ","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["E-26\/204.289\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/204.289\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel\u2014Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, demanding the continuous search for novel and more selective chemotherapeutic agents. Quinones, particularly naphthoquinones, constitute a privileged class of redox-active compounds with well-documented antitumor activity. Likewise, thiazoles represent a heterocyclic scaffold widely explored in medicinal chemistry due to their broad pharmacophoric adaptability and diverse biological activities. In this context, this review comprehensively explores the chemical synthesis and anticancer potential of hybrid molecules combining the naphthoquinone and thiazole scaffolds. The hybridization of these pharmacophores has emerged as a powerful strategy to design multitarget antitumor agents. The review summarizes key synthetic methodologies, including Hantzsch, hetero Diels\u2013Alder cycloaddition and multicomponent reactions, leading to structurally diverse hybrids. Particular emphasis is placed on derivatives exhibiting strong cytotoxic effects against a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines (e.g., OVCAR3, MCF-7, A549, HCT-116, HeLa, and Jurkat), low toxicity toward normal cells and well-defined mechanisms of action involving topoisomerase II\u03b1, EGFR, STAT3, and CDK1 inhibition, as well as ROS generation and cell cycle arrest. Among these, certain hybrids displayed nanomolar potency and high selectivity indices, reinforcing their potential as promising lead compounds for anticancer drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18121887","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T10:11:23Z","timestamp":1765793483000},"page":"1887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Hybridization of Naphthoquinones and Thiazoles: A Promising Strategy for Anticancer Drug Discovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Gomes Cavalieri","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Batista s\/n\u00b0, Niter\u00f3i CEP 24020-141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5914-6430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tha\u00eds Barreto","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Batista s\/n\u00b0, Niter\u00f3i CEP 24020-141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7928-8646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Rodrigues","family":"da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Batista s\/n\u00b0, Niter\u00f3i CEP 24020-141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81683-9","article-title":"The Hallmarks of Cancer","volume":"100","author":"Hanahan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cancer: The next Generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., and Aster, J.C. 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