{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T05:34:23Z","timestamp":1766468063517,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Equisetum hyemale L., commonly known as scouring rush or horsetail, is a perennial plant with significant applications in traditional medicine. Methods: The aerial parts of E. hyemale L. were macerated with hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. The phytochemical profile of the extracts was investigated using chromatography approaches. The biological performance of the extracts was determined using antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicity in vitro and in vivo models. Molecular docking and ADMET analyses were employed to determine interactions with structural components of multidrug resistant bacteria and assess potential toxicological risks. Results: The extracts exert high scavenging activity against ABTS radicals (IC50 2.57\u20132.68 \u03bcg\/mL), but poor antibacterial activity. It was evidenced that treatment with extracts exerts in moderate cytotoxicity on hepatocellular and colorectal cancer cell lines. Toxicity assays unveiled that the extracts decrease the survival rate of C. elegans nematodes after 2 h of exposure to treatment. In silico studies evidenced a high affinity of campesterol and calcitriol towards the DNA gyrase, and the oral bioavailability of farnesol and limonene. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated the presence of biologically active secondary metabolites in hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts from E. hyemale L. This work also demonstrated the biological performance of these extracts in in vitro and in vivo models, and validated the potential pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of their phytoconstituents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18121901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T15:53:46Z","timestamp":1765986826000},"page":"1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Equisetum hyemale L. Extracts: Phytochemistry, Biological Performance, ADMET Profiling, and Toxicity Predictions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7021-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulianna","family":"Minutti-Calva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7750-6302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Sch\u00fcrenk\u00e4mper-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin E.","family":"Reza-Zald\u00edvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4306-0359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar E.","family":"Del Razo-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Hidalgo, Santiago Tulantepec de Guerrero Lugo 43775, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Vitola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacobiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenier\u00edas (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garc\u00eda Barrag\u00e1n 1421, Ol\u00edmpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8742-6247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Manuel","family":"Silva-Jara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacobiolog\u00eda, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenier\u00edas (CUCEI), Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino Garc\u00eda Barrag\u00e1n 1421, Ol\u00edmpica, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6556-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Daniel","family":"Lozada-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Jacobo-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6810-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego E.","family":"Navarro-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Epigmenio Gonz\u00e1lez 500, San Pablo, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica del Desarrollo y Fisiolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda (IBT), Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1681-2885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar R.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Mena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Av. Gral. Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo M\u00e9xico, Zapopan 45121, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Mej\u00eda-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Epigmenio Gonz\u00e1lez 500, San Pablo, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro 76130, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8709-7631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Arreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. 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