{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:43:08Z","timestamp":1793817788418,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]],"date-time":"2025-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBK.A130.25.025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.A130.25.025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Wroc\u0142aw","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00yae6e25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are globally distributed zoonotic pathogens of major concern within the One Health\u2013One Biofilm framework. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella strains are included by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the Bacterial Priority Pathogens List as high-risk agents. A key virulence determinant of Salmonella is its ability to form biofilms, which may display multidrug-resistant (MDR) characteristics and contribute to bacterial persistence and treatment failure. Animals, particularly poultry and reptiles, represent important reservoirs of Salmonella, and reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS) may manifest as extraintestinal infections in humans. In the post-antibiotic era, there is an urgent need to identify effective alternatives to conventional therapies. This review summarizes current knowledge on Salmonella biofilms, with particular attention to their MDR potential, and discusses possible strategies for their prevention and eradication, including specific immunoprophylaxis, bacteriophage therapy, and alternative antimicrobials. The promising antimicrobials include plant-based compounds\/extracts, bacteriocins, fatty acids, and synthetic\/semi-synthetic substances. The integration of vaccination, phage therapy, and novel anti-biofilm compounds may provide a sustainable alternative to antibiotics in controlling Salmonella infections and aligns with the principles of the One Health approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19010061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T07:52:59Z","timestamp":1766994779000},"page":"61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Salmonellosis as a One Health\u2013One Biofilm Challenge: Biofilm Formation by Salmonella and Alternative Eradication Strategies in the Post-Antibiotic Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Ma\u0142aszczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8697-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3117-8894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Krzy\u017cek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, M.T., Sobur, M.A., Islam, M.S., Ievy, S., Hossain, M.J., El Zowalaty, M.E., Rahman, A.T., and Ashour, H.M. 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