{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T21:18:09Z","timestamp":1780694289423,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia","award":["BM 10106-22-3071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM 10106-22-3071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: No Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies have directly evaluated adrenalectomy vessels, the technique\u2019s established ability to probe collagen\/elastin-associated spectral features and lipid peroxidation-related signatures, and protein structural damage. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy was found to maintain the vascular function under severe stress, as FTIR spectroscopy recently demonstrated rapid peptide-induced molecular changes in healthy rat blood vessels, particularly in lipid content and protein secondary structure. Methods: To extend these findings and highlight the BPC 157 vascular background in the special circumstances of the course following unilateral adrenalectomy, abdominal aortas were collected at 15 min, 5 h, and 24 h after unilateral adrenalectomy for the FTIR spectroscopy assessment. Results: FTIR spectra were acquired, preprocessed, and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine discriminant analysis (SVMDA), and band-specific statistics. BPC 157 (10 ng\/kg intragatrically immediately after unilateral adrenalectomy) produced a clear, reproducible separation of aortic spectra from control samples at all time points. The main discriminatory spectral signatures were observed in three regions, including amide I and amide II (protein-related bands, consistent with collagen\/elastin contributions) and lipid C\u2013H stretching bands. These spectral signatures are consistent with early extracellular matrix reinforcement and membrane preservation in the vascular wall and align with the recovering effect on the lesions in counteraction of the severe vascular and multiorgan failure, attenuation\/elimination of thrombosis and blood pressure disturbances in various occlusion\/occlusion-like syndromes. Conclusions: Together, after unilateral adrenalectomy, the FTIR data provide molecular-level spectral signatures consistent with rapid remodeling of the aortic wall toward a more structurally stable and functionally favorable state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19010191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:41:34Z","timestamp":1769164894000},"page":"191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Aortic Wall Remodeling by Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 After Unilateral Adrenalectomy in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ivan Maria","family":"Smoday","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3095-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlasta","family":"Vukovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Oroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hrvoje","family":"Vranes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1703-0033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luka","family":"Kalogjera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6046-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozren","family":"Gamulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3113-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josipa","family":"Vlainic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruder Boskovic, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Milavic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suncana","family":"Sikiric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora","family":"Nikolac Gabaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center \u201cSestre Milosrdnice\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domagoj","family":"Marijancevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center \u201cSestre Milosrdnice\u201d, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2758-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antun","family":"Koprivanac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidija","family":"Beketic Oreskovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, 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