{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:01:01Z","timestamp":1771844461545,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Aggressive behaviour is commonly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and could be understood as a response to daily stress routines, which negatively impacts patients\u2019 quality of life. Oxytocin (OT), a neuropeptide involved in social bonding and socio-affective regulation, has emerged as a promising candidate to enrich, rather than replace, current pharmacological approaches in managing ASD-associated aggressive behaviour. In this study, we examined the potential of OT to modulate aggressive behaviour frequency in a VPA-based animal model of ASD. Methods: Sixty adult zebrafish (1:1 sex ratio) were divided into six groups (n = 10\/group) and received the following treatment for 7 consecutive days: CTR\u2014control (no treatment); VPA (28.8 mg\/L valproic acid); OT (33.2 ng\/mL oxytocin); RIS (170 \u03bcg\/L risperidone); VPA + OT (28.8 mg\/L valproic acid and 33.2 ng\/mL oxytocin); and VPA + RIS (28.8 mg\/L valproic acid and 170 \u03bcg\/L risperidone). The locomotor performance, and socio-affective and aggressive behaviours, were measured in the Novel Tank and Mirror Biting tests at the end of the treatments. Results: We observed that the VPA treatment led to locomotion and socio-affective impairments, as well as aggressive behaviour. Also, we found that OT and RIS had comparable potential to modulate the frequency of aggressive and anxiety-like behaviours. Conclusions: Our preliminary data showed that OT has the potential to modulate the frequency of anxiety-like and aggressive behaviours, similarly to the atypical antipsychotic, RIS, in our VPA zebrafish model. However, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms of action and their potential synergistic effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19020343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T10:00:52Z","timestamp":1771840852000},"page":"343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary Data Regarding the Potential of Oxytocin to Modulate Aggressive Behaviour in a VPA-Based Animal Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Oana-Georgiana","family":"Oprea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petru Fabian","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0383-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Ionut","family":"Chelaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bacau, Marasesti Street, 600115 Bacau, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioana-Miruna","family":"Balmus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, No. 26, 700056 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0354-943X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"Strungaru-Jijie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center Advanced Materials and Technologies (RAMTECH), Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1194-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Plavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9755-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mircea Nicusor","family":"Nicoara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alin","family":"Ciobica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, No. 20A, Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"CENEMED Platform for Interdisciplinary Research, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cIoan Haulica\u201d Institute, Apollonia University, 700511 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Group, \u201cOlga Necrasov\u201d Center, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Teodor Codrescu 2, 700481 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Gheban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Apollonia University of Iasi, Pacurari Street 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2497-9236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Chiriac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2022.08.007","article-title":"Aggressive behavior: A language to be understood","volume":"48","author":"Tordjman","year":"2022","journal-title":"L\u2019Encephale"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association Publishing. [5th ed.].","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S84585","article-title":"Aggression in autism spectrum disorder: Presentation and treatment options","volume":"12","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. 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