{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:36:50Z","timestamp":1791362210061,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["409302\/2025-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["409302\/2025-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamentode Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAPES n\u00b0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES n\u00b0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","award":["Process DCR-0015_4.03\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Process DCR-0015_4.03\/23"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","award":["Process APQ-0037_4.03\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Process APQ-0037_4.03\/23"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco","award":["APQ-Emergent 1181-4.03\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-Emergent 1181-4.03\/22"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scholarships","award":["IBPG 1832 4.01\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IBPG 1832 4.01\/22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Schistosomiasis affects more than 250 million people, and praziquantel remains the only drug available for treatment; however, its activity is restricted to adult worms. Previously, our group evaluated six thiazole derivatives (PBT1\u2013PBT6) in vitro against adult Schistosoma mansoni, identifying PBT2, PBT5, and PBT6 as the most active compounds. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of PBT2, PBT5, and PBT6 against schistosomula and juvenile worms, as well as their in vivo efficacy against adult S. mansoni. Methods: Mechanically transformed schistosomula and juvenile worms recovered from mice (21 days post-infection) were incubated with the compounds (12.5\u2013200 \u03bcM). Cytotoxicity was assessed using murine splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages exposed to the same concentration range. For in vivo evaluation, infected mice were orally treated with compounds (50, 100, or 200 mg\/kg) for five consecutive days. Results: All compounds induced 100% mortality in schistosomula and juvenile worms within 3 h of exposure at 100 and 200 \u03bcM. Parasite cell viability was markedly reduced (&gt;90%) at concentrations between 50 and 200 \u03bcM. The LC50 values ranged from 15.3 to 30.9 \u03bcM for schistosomula and from 27.8 to 34.9 \u03bcM for juvenile worms, with low cytotoxicity observed in mammalian cells (CC50 \u2265 193.9 \u03bcM). In vivo treatment resulted in significant reductions in fecal egg counts (~80% at 200 mg\/kg), total worm burden (~60%), and egg loads in liver and intestinal tissues, in addition to an increased proportion of dead eggs in the intestine. Conclusions: The evaluated thiazole derivatives demonstrated potent in vitro activity against immature stages of S. mansoni and significant in vivo efficacy against adult parasites, accompanied by favorable changes in key parasitological parameters. These findings reinforce the potential of thiazole-based compounds as promising multistage schistosomicidal candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19030420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T15:01:07Z","timestamp":1772636467000},"page":"420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thiazole as a Promising Scaffold for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis: In Vitro and In Vivo Activity Against Different Developmental Stages of Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Victor Ritinto da","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilza Wanessa Melo","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur Lessa","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7035-9583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Andrade Oliveira","family":"Cavalcante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Tairla Viana","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry Wesley de Albuquerque","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Santa Clara","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Bioci\u00eancia, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-501, PE, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de Bioci\u00eancia, Departamento de Antibi\u00f3ticos, 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