{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T14:31:05Z","timestamp":1772721065858,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rio de Janeiro State Research Support Foundation-FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/010\/100812\/2018\u2014ADT 1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010\/100812\/2018\u2014ADT 1"]}]},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro State Research Support Foundation-FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/201.208\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/201.208\/2021"]}]},{"name":"Rio de Janeiro State Research Support Foundation-FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/211.618\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.618\/2021"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq","award":["302660\/2023-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302660\/2023-2"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq","award":["304648\/2025-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304648\/2025-6"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Leishmaniasis remains a major neglected tropical disease, and current chemotherapeutic options are limited by toxicity and resistance in Leishmania species, including L. amazonensis. Prenylated coumarins have emerged as promising bioactive scaffolds. Altissimacoumarin D and its analogues inhibit fungal efflux pumps associated with resistance. However, their antileishmanial potential and mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the in vitro, in vivo, and in silico effects of altissimacoumarin D and seven analogues against L. amazonensis. Methods: In vitro assays were performed to identify active compounds and assess toxicity in keratinocytes. In vivo experiments in hamsters evaluated antileishmanial activity and renal and hepatic toxicity. In silico analyses were conducted to investigate the mechanism of action of the substances. Results: In vitro assays showed that ACS47, ACS48, and ACS51 were the most active and safe compounds. In a hamster infection model, daily administration of ACS47 and ACS48 (2.5 mg\/kg) significantly reduced parasite burden and lesion size, while maintaining normal renal and hepatic biochemical parameters. Histological analysis correlated reduced lesion size with marked decreases in amastigote density. Based on in silico analysis, spermidine synthase was supported as a plausible molecular target. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings identify ACS47 and ACS48 as promising lead compounds for future antileishmanial drug development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19030426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T13:11:22Z","timestamp":1772716282000},"page":"426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["7-Prenyloxycoumarins as Promising Antileishmanial Agents: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Evaluation Against Leishmania amazonensis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dirlei","family":"Nico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Clemente","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Claudia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de S\u00edntese e An\u00e1lise de Produtos Estrat\u00e9gicos, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-6763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor Nunes","family":"Taveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8938-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin da Silva","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosangela Sabbatini Capella","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de S\u00edntese e An\u00e1lise de Produtos Estrat\u00e9gicos, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Cerqueira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de S\u00edntese e An\u00e1lise de Produtos Estrat\u00e9gicos, Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0474-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ferreira-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2026, January 25). 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