{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:08:35Z","timestamp":1772978915911,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003105","name":"Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018798","name":"Instituto Butantan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018798","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006181","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["APQ-02468-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-02468-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["401907\/2023-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401907\/2023-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality, mainly due to aggressive metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Snake venom metalloproteinases (svMPs), particularly the P-I class, are promising sources for novel antitumor agents. Objectives: This study investigated the impacts of BthMP, a P-I svMPs from Bothrops moojeni venom, on human lung carcinoma (A549) cells in comparison to non-cancerous human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Methods and Results: BthMP demonstrated potent and selective anti-cancer activity. It significantly inhibited key metastatic processes in A549 cells, including adhesion, migration, and invasion, while suppressing long-term proliferation, as shown by reduced colony formation and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Mechanistically, BthMP induced a massive increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by over 2000% and elevated nitric oxide (NO) by 35% in A549 cells, driving a state of lethal oxidative stress. Crucially, these cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects were minimal in BEAS-2B cells; BthMP even suppressed basal ROS and NO levels in this non-cancerous line. The anti-migratory effects of BthMP were completely dependent on its zinc-based catalytic activity, as they were abolished by pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. By simultaneously disrupting cell\u2013matrix interactions and inducing selective, catastrophic oxidative stress in cancer cells, BthMP presents a dual-pronged anti-metastatic mechanism. Conclusions: These findings establish BthMP as a promising therapeutic scaffold for developing novel treatments against lung cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19030428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:22:14Z","timestamp":1772788934000},"page":"428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selective Anticancer Effects of a P-I Metalloproteinase from Bothrops Moojeni Snake Venom (BthMP) on Lung Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0599-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Queiroz","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405-318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa Carregosa","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Oliveira Silva Bastos","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8276-8149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Miranda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5335-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lia Cristina Mendes","family":"de Magalh\u00e3es Gusm\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Multidisciplinary in Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vit\u00f3ria da Conquista 45029-094, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1654-614X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Macedo Lopes","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel Cota","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405-318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloisa Am\u00e1lia Vieira","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunophysiology of Reproduction, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405-318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-9197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veridiana","family":"de Melo Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), Uberl\u00e2ndia 38405-318, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1951-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Natalie Cirilo","family":"Gimenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05585-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9845-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f4nica","family":"Colombini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05585-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia Bianca","family":"Clissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05585-000, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8876-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabri Saeed","family":"Sanabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and 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