{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:01:00Z","timestamp":1787029260887,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, with one in eight at risk during their lifetime. Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs, despite of their binding to the DNA of cancer cells, are plagued by toxicity and resistance, necessitating the need for safer and more effective alternatives, such as organometallic complexes. Both synthetic organometallic complexes and natural compounds have attracted attention in this regard. Organotin(IV) complexes are promising chemotherapeutics due to their structural versatility and bioactivity, while vitamins such as Vitamin D (VD) and Vitamin E (VE) exhibit antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them valuable candidates for combination therapy. Methodology: In this study, six novel organotin(IV) dithiocarbamate complexes [LMe3Sn (Complex 1), LBu3Sn (Complex 2), LPh3Sn (Complex 3), LMe2SnCl (Complex 4), LBu2SnCl (Complex 5), and L2Me2Sn (Complex 6), where L = (E)-4-styrylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate], were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis. Results: Structural studies confirmed penta- and hexacoordination geometries. In silico docking against six BC-related proteins identified Complexes 2 and 4 with both vitamins as promising candidates, exhibiting strong binding affinities, with stable interaction profiles. However, integration of pharmacokinetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory analyses highlighted Complex 4 with both vitamins as the most potent candidate owing to its superior ADME characteristics and balanced biological properties. Subsequent in vitro assays confirmed these findings, as Complex 4 demonstrated strong cytotoxic activity against both MCF-7 (&gt;1.16-fold) and MDA-MB-231 (&gt;1.46-fold) cell lines, surpassing the efficacy of cisplatin. Remarkably, co-administration of VD or VE with Complex 4 further enhanced its anticancer potential, with Chou\u2013Talalay combination index values &lt; 1 (0.66\u20130.91) indicating a synergistic interaction. Conclusions: Collectively, these results identify Complex 4 as a promising lead compound, and its synergistic activity with natural vitamins may promote cell death, likely through apoptosis induction and modulation of oxidative stress, underscoring its potential as an effective and less toxic therapeutic strategy for breast cancer management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19040571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T14:09:54Z","timestamp":1775138994000},"page":"571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Synergistic Potential of Organotin(IV) Carbodithioate Derivatives with Vitamins D and E in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-3923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balquees","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Allama Iqbal Open University, H-8 Campus, Islamabad 44310, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda Saba","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Cheema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saqib","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumeza","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2024.103835","article-title":"Current and future burden of breast cancer in Asia: A GLOBOCAN data analysis for 2022 and 2050","volume":"79","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3614","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16768","article-title":"MAEL facilitates metabolic reprogramming and breast cancer progression by promoting the degradation of citrate synthase and fumarate hydratase via chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"290","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2022.122000","article-title":"Serum Raman spectroscopy combined with convolutional neural network for rapid diagnosis of HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"286","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Spectrochim. 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