{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T10:52:07Z","timestamp":1776682327062,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNS Pharm Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Atopic dermatitis (AD)-related skin inflammation involves the release of cytokines and chemokines from keratinocytes; therefore, keratinocyte-based models are widely used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of botanical extracts. This study examined the relationship between phytochemical profiles and anti-inflammatory potential of baobab fruit 30% and 70% ethanol extracts (BE-30 and BE-70, respectively) in a TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3 (TI)-stimulated HaCaT keratinocyte model. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects of both extracts were evaluated by measuring cytokine and chemokine secretion in TI-stimulated HaCaT cells. Phytochemical characterization was performed using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) and targeted high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Both extracts were non-cytotoxic. TI-stimulation markedly increased interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 secretion, while BE-30 and BE-70 significantly reduced all three mediators in a dose-dependent manner. At comparable doses, BE-70 exhibited greater inhibition than BE-30. BE-30 showed a non-monotonic IL-8 response at low concentrations, whereas BE-70 consistently reduced IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. LC\u2013MS\/MS profiling revealed a polyphenol-rich composition, including flavonol glycosides and related phenolic compounds. HPLC confirmed the presence of four marker analytes (procyanidin B2, epicatechin, rutin and tiliroside), which were enriched in BE-70. The content of these four polyphenols was 1.94-fold higher in BE-70. Conclusions: Baobab fruit extracts exhibit anti-inflammatory activity associated with polyphenols. These findings suggest that they could be used as analytical standards and in dermatological applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19040639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T09:37:42Z","timestamp":1776677862000},"page":"639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Baobab Fruit Extracts in TNF-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03b3-Stimulated HaCaT Keratinocytes with LC\u2013MS\/MS and HPLC Profiling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shi-Heon","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soon Yeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNS Pharm Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul 04043, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9153-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Anyang University, Anyang 14028, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0395-207X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanghyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5765","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3510","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis: A systematic review","volume":"100","author":"Bylund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm. 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