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Methods: Ambroxol was administered at doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg\/kg (Abx 10, Abx 50, and Abx 100) by daily gavage for 21 days. A medroxyprogesterone-treated group (Progesterone) was included as a positive control. Pain was assessed using validated behavioral tests, including the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), the von Frey test, and the rotarod test. Additionally, interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) levels and total leukocyte counts were measured in peritoneal lavage fluid. The volumetric reduction in endometriotic implants was evaluated by ultrasonography, while histopathological analysis characterized inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial layer integrity using a standardized scoring system. Results: All ambroxol doses reduced spontaneous pain manifestations throughout the treatment. The mechanical withdrawal threshold significantly increased from the second week onward, and motor quality improved over the course of the study. A significant reduction in IL-1\u03b2 levels compared with the negative control (Control(\u2212)) was observed on day 21. Abx 50 and Abx 100 significantly reduced implant volumes (48.2% and 56.2%, respectively) and promoted marked disruption of the endometriotic epithelial layer. When compared with Progesterone, higher doses\u2014particularly 100 mg\/kg\u2014demonstrated comparable efficacy. Conclusions: Taken together, these pleiotropic effects support the potential for drug repurposing in endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19040641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T09:37:42Z","timestamp":1776677862000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ambroxol in the Treatment of Endometriosis: An Experimental Study in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7496-9699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Medeiros","family":"Frota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilwana Guimar\u00e3es Barbalho","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Ten\u00f3rio-Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3371-1413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Rodrigues","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-874X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Tissore Forwille","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rennan Abud Pinheiro","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa Rodrigues de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1106-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Ant\u00f4nio Freire","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joicy Cortez de S\u00e1","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-169X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Martins de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology of Respiratory Infections, Ceuma University, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael de Abreu","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7073-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Cardoso","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8518-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Souza de","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Batista Santos","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro de Sousa","family":"Cart\u00e1genes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for the Study of Pain, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4400","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.72707","article-title":"An Update on the Multifaceted Role of NF-kappaB in Endometriosis","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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