{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:22:05Z","timestamp":1785435725610,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ORF-2026-709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["ORF-2026-709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2026-709"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by immune dysregulation that leads to widespread inflammation and damage across multiple organs. B lymphocytes play a vital role in SLE, with abnormal development and activation leading to autoreactive antibody production and immune complex formation, which damages tissues. Methods: The PPAR\u03b1 agonist WY14643 has anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory conditions, including CNS diseases. We investigated whether WY14643 decreases inflammatory mediator production in CD45R+ cells in the MRL\/lpr mouse model of SLE. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate WY14643\u2019s impact on the expression of IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, iNOS, MCP-1, IL-1\u03b1, IL-2, Notch-1, Notch-3, GITR, and NF-\u03baB p65 in splenic CD45R+ B cells. Additionally, we assessed the effect of WY14643 on the mRNA levels of these markers in the kidney using RT-PCR. Results: WY14643 decreased inflammatory markers such as CD45R+IFN-\u03b3+, CD45R+IL-6+, CD45R+iNOS+, CD45R+MCP-1+, CD45R+IL-1\u03b1+, CD45R+IL-2+, CD45R+Notch1+, CD45R+Notch3+, CD45R+GITR+, and CD45R+NF-\u03baB p65+ in splenic cells from MRL\/lpr mice. Furthermore, WY14643 also lowered mRNA expression of IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, iNOS, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-1\u03b1, Notch-1, Notch-3, GITR, and NF-\u03baB p65 in the kidney. Conclusions: This study shows that WY14643 inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators and significantly reduces autoimmune features, including kidney inflammation, in MRL\/lpr mice. Our results indicate that WY14643, a PPAR-\u03b1 agonist, could be a potential therapy for lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19040642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T12:01:22Z","timestamp":1776686482000},"page":"642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PPAR-\u03b1 Agonist Suppresses Expression of Immune Mediators in B Cells in a Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5838-3468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haneen A.","family":"Al-Mazroua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussain N.","family":"Alhamami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3556-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mushtaq A.","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2038-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8560-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabry M.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh A.","family":"Bakheet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M. S.","family":"Alsaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7495-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatun A.","family":"Alomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7986-9185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa A.","family":"Alanteet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheikh F.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30237-5","article-title":"Management strategies and future directions for systemic lupus erythematosus in adults","volume":"393","author":"Durcan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.11.001","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnosis and clinical management","volume":"96","author":"Fava","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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