{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:58:50Z","timestamp":1789239530792,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS\/CCCDI-UEFISCDI","award":["PN-IV-P6-6.1-CoEx-2024-0056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-IV-P6-6.1-CoEx-2024-0056"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cephalosporins, widely used \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, are becoming significant environmental pollutants, primarily due to their high use and persistence. They are released into the environment mainly through wastewater treatment plants, agricultural runoff, and hospital discharge, with particularly high concentrations recorded in effluents. Conventional wastewater treatment methods have inadequate removal efficiency, while advanced treatments, such as ozonation, activated carbon adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes, although more efficient, may produce toxic by-products. Recent studies emphasize the importance of improved detection and monitoring techniques and advocate for stricter effluent regulations. Despite growing research attention, important knowledge gaps remain, including limited long-term field monitoring, insufficient data on environmentally realistic exposure scenarios, and incomplete assessment of transformation-product toxicity. Methods: The search strategy used the SCOPUS and PUBMED databases with the keywords \u201ccephalosporin\u201d AND \u201caquatic environment\u201d, resulting in 341 records. After applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 peer-reviewed English-language studies meeting predefined thematic inclusion criteria and relevant to the occurrence, environmental fate, ecotoxicological effects, antimicrobial resistance, and removal of cephalosporins in aquatic environments were included in the narrative synthesis. Results: The literature on cephalosporins in aquatic environments has expanded significantly from 1978 to 2025, prompted by concerns about pharmaceutical contamination and antibiotic resistance. Studies from 2016 to 2025 used advanced and multidisciplinary monitoring techniques, revealed key pollution sources such as wastewater treatment plants and hospitals, and correlated antibiotic residues with resistance genes, highlighting the need for continued monitoring and mitigation efforts. Ecotoxicological and fate studies further indicate that transformation processes may generate products with altered or increased toxicity, complicating environmental risk assessment. Conclusions: The literature shows increasing attention to cephalosporins in aquatic environments, reporting associations with antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects on aquatic organisms, including potential toxicity from transformation products. This review highlights the need for integrated monitoring, standardized toxicity assessment, and improved treatment strategies within a One Health framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19040650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T10:38:14Z","timestamp":1776854294000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Overview of the Presence of Cephalosporin Antibiotics in Aquatic Environments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8262-6538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona-Alexandra","family":"Ciausu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9755-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mircea Nicusor","family":"Nicoara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0383-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionut-Alexandru","family":"Chelaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bacau, Marasesti Street, 600115 Bacau, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Andrei","family":"Andronic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bacau, Marasesti Street, 600115 Bacau, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alin Stelian","family":"Ciobica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, \u201cAlexandru Ioan Cuza\u201d University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cIoan Haulica\u201d Institute, Apollonia University, Pacurari Street 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cOlga Necrasov\u201d Center, Department of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, 010071 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Medical Research and Development Platform in the North-East Region (CENEMED), \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorel","family":"Ureche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, \u201cVasile Alecsandri\u201d University of Bacau, Marasesti Street, 600115 Bacau, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3439","article-title":"Tackling antibiotic resistance: The environmental framework","volume":"13","author":"Berendonk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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