{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:35:49Z","timestamp":1785418549925,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Chile"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N\u00b01230311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b01230311"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["N\u00b01230311"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\u00b01230311"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02ap3w078","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pharmaceuticals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The increasing resistance of Candida species to conventional antifungals, particularly azoles, poses a critical public health challenge due to high mortality rates associated with candidemia. This study aimed to describe the chemical composition of the essential oil from Haplopappus foliosus (EO-BAI) and evaluate its antifungal properties, along with its nanoemulsion (NE-BAI) and major constituents, against a panel of clinical Candida isolates. Methods: EO-BAI was extracted via steam distillation and analyzed using GC-MS. A nanoemulsion was synthesized through ultrasonic emulsification and characterized by DLS and microscopy (SEM\/STEM). Antifungal activity (MIC\/MFC) was determined following CLSI M27-A3 guidelines. Time\u2013kill kinetic studies were conducted on C. albicans, and an in silico approach was used to describe interactions with Als9-2 and CYP51 targets. Results: The EO-BAI profile was dominated by terpinen-4-ol (27.27%) and \u03b1-bisabolol (10.40%). The NE-BAI exhibited a droplet size of approximately 22 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 88.72%. Among the tested samples, \u03b1-bisabolol emerged as the core bioactive driver (MIC = 16 \u00b5g\/mL against C. albicans). While NE-BAI showed reduced initial activity at 24 h, it demonstrated enhanced efficacy by 48 h, matching fluconazole\u2019s potency and maintaining a definitive fungicidal effect. Docking analysis confirmed that \u03b1-bisabolol establishes stabilizing interactions with key virulence and membrane homeostasis targets. Conclusions: The NE-BAI provides a sustained delivery of its bioactive terpenes, preserving their fungicidal nature and positioning them as robust therapeutic alternatives to conventional treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19050759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T12:14:52Z","timestamp":1779452092000},"page":"759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Candicidal Effect of a Nanoemulsion Based on the Essential Oil of the Medicinal Plant Haplopappus foliosus: Role of Main Compounds in Yeast Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8977-7032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Madrid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y S\u00edntesis Org\u00e1nica (LPNSO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Valpara\u00edso 2360000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basti\u00e1n","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Ciencias Menci\u00f3n Biof\u00edsica y Biolog\u00eda Computacional, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2360103, Chile"},{"name":"Center of Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Engineering Research for Health (MEDING), Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Angamos 655, Re\u00f1aca, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Araneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2360000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4187-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Engineering Research for Health (MEDING), Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Angamos 655, Re\u00f1aca, Vi\u00f1a del Mar 2520000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Austral Biotech, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Avda. Ejercito 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5422-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y S\u00edntesis Org\u00e1nica (LPNSO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Valpara\u00edso 2360000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4844-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Concepci\u00f3n 4070386, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S459600","article-title":"Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis","volume":"16","author":"Bays","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. 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